Term
| Intracellular compartments make up how much of fluid compartments? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Most abundant ion in extracellular fluid |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Ion that has the most influence over movement of other solutes and water |
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Definition
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Term
| Electrolyte that generates action potentials in nerve and muscle tissue |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Sodium is under hormonal control of? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Most abundant anion in ECF |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| reabsorbed by tubules along with sodium |
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Term
| Most abundant cation in the ECF |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Helps maintain RMP, intracellular fluid and pH balance |
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Term
| Potassium is under the control of which hormone? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Chloride is under the control of which hormone? |
|
Definition
| Aldosterone (reabsorbed by tubules along with sodium) |
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Term
| When do bicarbonate levels in blood increase? |
|
Definition
| flowing through systemic capillaries |
|
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Term
| When do bicarbonate levels in blood decrease? |
|
Definition
| after flowing through pulmonary capillaries |
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|
Term
| When pH is high, what do Intercalated cells do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When pH is low, what do Intercalated cells do? |
|
Definition
| Excrete bicarbonate when pH levels are low |
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Term
| Most abundant mineral in the body |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Calcium is under the hormonal control of? |
|
Definition
| PTH, Calcitriol, Calcitonin |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Important for blood clotting, nerve signals and muscle contraction |
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Term
| Important H+ buffer in body fluids and urine |
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Definition
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|
Term
| phosphate is under the hormonal control of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the response of intercalated cells to H+ when pH is high? |
|
Definition
| Excrete H+ when pH is high |
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Term
| Intercalated discs method of excreting bicarbonate when pH is low |
|
Definition
Proton pumps (H+ ATPases)
Cl-/HCO3- antiporters |
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Term
| When the intercalated cells are excreting H+ they are reabsorbing |
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Definition
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Term
| If the pH of the tubular flui ddrops any lower than ____ , tubular secretion of H+ ceases for lack of a sufficient gradient |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| When blood pH falls below 7.35 |
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Term
| State of cells and CNS during acidosis |
|
Definition
| Cells are hyperpolarized, CNS depressed |
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|
Term
| Can acidosis result in death? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Confusion, coma, and disorientation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When ECF/Blood pH goes above 7.45 |
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|
Term
| Status of nervous system during alkalosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muscle spasms and respiratory paralysis |
|
|
Term
| In compensation, kidneys compensate for pH imbalances of what origin? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| In compensation, respiratory system compensate for pH imbalances of what origin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| duration of respiratory compensation |
|
Definition
| can start in minutes and max out in hours |
|
|
Term
| duration of renal compensation |
|
Definition
| can begin in minutes but can take days to max out |
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Term
|
Definition
| The rate of alveolar ventilation fails to keep up with the body's rate of CO2 production |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| results from hyperventilation, in which CO2 is eliminated faster than produced |
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|
Term
| What causes respiratory alkalosis |
|
Definition
| pulmonary disease or anxiety |
|
|
Term
| Causes of respiratory acidosis |
|
Definition
| Emphysema, pulmonary edema, respiratory center injuries, airway obstruction or injuries to muscles of respiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increased production of organic acids |
|
|
Term
| Causes of metabollic acidosis |
|
Definition
| Failure to excrete H+ in urine / Loss of bicarbonate due to diarrhea or renal dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| Examples of organic acids in acidosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| State of Increased HCO3-, can result from overuse of bicarbonates such as oral antacids or IV bicarbonates or too much vomiting |
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