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Fluid Mechanics
Fluid mechanics
107
Other
Undergraduate 1
02/19/2024
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Term
Fluid Mechanics
 Definition
Study of fluids either in motion or at rest.
Term
Fluid dynamics
 Definition
fluids in motion
Term
Fluid statics
 Definition
Fluids at rest
Term
A solid can resist a __________ by a static deflection; a fluid cannont.
 Definition
shear stress
Term
Any shear stress applied to a fluid will result in what?
 Definition
motion of that fluid
Term
what are the two classes of fluids?
 Definition
liquid and gas
Term
dimension
 Definition
the measure by which a physical variable is expressed quantitatively
Term
unit
 Definition
a particular way of attaching a number to the quantitative dimension
Term
what are the four primary dimensions in fluids?
 Definition
mass (M), length (L), time (T), and temperature (ϴ)
Term
SI unit for mass
 Definition
kilogram (kg)
Term
BG unit for mass
 Definition
slug
Term
SI unit for length
 Definition
meter(m)
Term
BG unit for length
 Definition
foot(ft)
Term
SI unit for time
 Definition
seconds(s)
Term
BG unit for time
 Definition
seconds(s)
Term
SI unit for temperature
 Definition
Kelvin(K)
Term
BG unit for temperature
 Definition
Rankine(°R)
Term
Convert slug to kg
 Definition
1 slug = 14.5939 kg
Term
Convert meter to ft
 Definition
1 ft = 0.3048 m
Term
Convert Kelvin to Rankine
 Definition
1 K = 1.8°R
Term
1 Newton equals what?
 Definition
1 kg-m/s^2
Term
1 pound of force (lbf) equals what?
 Definition
1 lbf = 1 slug-ft/s^2
Term
1 lbf equals what in Newtons?
 Definition
4.4482 N
Term
Area has what dimensions?
 Definition
L^2
Term
Volume has what dimensions?
 Definition
L^3
Term
Velocity has what dimensions?
 Definition
LT^-1
Term
Acceleration has what dimensions?
 Definition
LT^-2
Term
Pressure or stress has what dimensions?
 Definition
ML^-1T^-2
Term
Energy, work, and heat have what dimensions?
 Definition
ML^2T^-2
Term
Power has what dimensions?
 Definition
ML^2T^-3
Term
Density has what dimensions?
 Definition
ML^-3
Term
Viscosity has what dimensions?
 Definition
ML^-1T^-1
Term
SI Unit for Area
 Definition
m^2
Term
BG Unit for Area
 Definition
ft^2
Term
SI Unit for volume
 Definition
m^3
Term
BG Unit for volume
 Definition
ft^3
Term
SI unit for velocity
 Definition
m/s
Term
BG Unit for velocity
 Definition
ft/s
Term
SI unit for pressure or stress
 Definition
Pa (Pascal) = N/m^2
Term
BG Unit for pressure or stress
 Definition
lbf/ft^2
Term
SI Unit for energy, heat, and work
 Definition
J (Joules) = N*m
Term
BG Unit for energy, heat, and work
 Definition
ft*lbf
Term
SI Unit for Power
 Definition
W (watt) = J/s
Term
BG Unit for Power
 Definition
ft*lbf/s
Term
SI Unit for Density
 Definition
kg/m^3
Term
BG Unit for Density
 Definition
slugs/ft^3
Term
SI Unit for Viscosity
 Definition
kg/(m*s)
Term
BG Unit for Viscosity
 Definition
slug/(ft*s)
Term
SI Unit for specific heat
 Definition
m^2/(s^2*K)
Term
BG Unit for specific heat
 Definition
ft^2/(s^2*°R)
Term
Force equation is what?
 Definition
F=ma; force is equal to mass times acceleration
Term
Weight equation is what?
 Definition
W=mg; weight is equal to mass times acceleration of gravity
Term
what is a system
 Definition
an arbitrary quantity of mass of fixed identity
Term
surroundings
 Definition
everything external to the system
Term
boundaries
 Definition
what separates the system from its surroundings
Term
what is a control volume
 Definition
an arbitrary volume in which the mass of the continuum remains constant
Term
what is a control surface
 Definition
the geometric boundaries of the control volume separating it from the surrounding
Term
the control surface can be _____ or _______
 Definition
real or imaginary
Term
what approach deals with individual particles and calculates trajectory of each particle separately?
 Definition
the Lagrangian approach
Term
Which approach deals with concentration of particles and calculates the overall diffusion and convection of a number of particles
 Definition
the Eulerian approach
Term
The analysis based on the Lagrangian method requires us to track the ______, ______, ______ of each individual particle
 Definition
position, velocity, and acceleration
Term
In a situation of fluid flow the determination of the properties of the fluid as a function of position and time is considered what?
 Definition
the solution
Term
______ is a vector function of position and time and has three components u, v, and w.
 Definition
velocity
Term
what is the velocity vector function?
 Definition
[image]
Term
Acceleration vector is what?
 Definition
[image]
Term
pressure symbol is what?
 Definition
p (lowercase letter p)
Term
density symbol is what?
 Definition
ρ (lowercase rho)
Term
temperature symbol is what?
 Definition
T
Term
internal energy symbol is what?
 Definition
û
Term
enthalpy symbol is what?
 Definition
[image]
Term
entropy symbol is what?
 Definition
s
Term
specific heats symbols are what?
 Definition
[image]
Term
viscosity coefficient
 Definition
μ
Term
thermal conductivity
 Definition
k
Term
specific weight of a fluid is what?
 Definition
its weight per unit volume
Term
what is the specific weight equation?
 Definition
[image]
Term
specific gravity or SG is what?
 Definition
the ratio of a fluid density to a standard reference fluid, typically water at 4°C (for liquids) and air (for gases)
Term
gas constant
 Definition
[image]
Term
viscosity coefficient equation
 Definition
[image]
Term
how do you calculate Reynolds number, Re?
 Definition
[image]
Term
Viscosity
 Definition
A quantitative measure of a fluid's resistance to flow
Term
what is the symbol for shear stress?
 Definition
Term
what are the dimensions for μ
 Definition
{FT/L^2} or {M/(LT)}
Term
BG Unit for μ?
 Definition
slugs/ft*s
Term
Linear fluids that follow the equation [image] are called what?
 Definition
Newtonian fluids
Term
The ___________ asserts that at any solid surface the relative velocity of the (Newtonian) fluid with respect to the surface is zero
 Definition
no-slip condition
Term
The second form of Re illustrates what?
 Definition
That the ratio of μ to ρ has its own name
Term
what is the name of the ratio of μ and ρ (of the second form of Re)
 Definition
kinematic viscosity
Term
kinematic viscosity (second form of Re) equation is what?
 Definition
[image]
Term
step one to problem solving
 Definition
Read the problem and restate it in your own words
Term
step two to problem solving
 Definition
gather needed data from tables or charts
Term
step three to problem solving
 Definition
make sure you understand what is asked
Term
step four to problem solving
 Definition
make a good sketch
Term
step five to problem solving
 Definition
think carefully and list assumptions
Term
step six to problem solving
 Definition
find an algebraic solution, if possible
Term
step seven to problem solving
 Definition
report the solution, labeled, with proper units and proper significant figures
Term
fluid shear stress can be calculated how?
 Definition
[image] or, simplified, [image]
Term
what is a streamline?
 Definition
a line everywhere tangent to the velocity vector at a given instant
Term
what is a pathline?
 Definition
the actual path traversed by a given fluid particle
Term
what is a streakline?
 Definition
the locus of particles that have earlier passed through a prescribed point
Term
what the heck is a locus?
 Definition
a curve or other figure formed by all the points satisfying a particular equation of the relation between coordinates, or by a point, line, or surface moving according to mathematically defined conditions.
Term
what is a timeline?
 Definition
a set of fluid particles that form a line at a given instant
Term
what is it called when the fluid velocity is zero?
 Definition
hydrostatic condition
Term
hydrostatic calculations equation
 Definition
[image]
Term
lakes and oceans pressure equation
 Definition
[image]
Term
system
 Definition
an arbitrary quantity of mass of fixed identity
Term
system is a fixed quantity of mass denoted by what?
 Definition
m
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