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Definition
| A technology that provides rapid measurements of physical characteristics of cells suspended in a moving stream fluid. These measurements are made on a per cell basis at rates up to 10,000 cells per second. |
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Term
| Define forward scatter (FSC). What does it determine in flow? |
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Definition
| Light scattered in a forward direction (same direction as the laser beam). This light is diffracted light and allowed for the categorization of cells based on their size. The larger the cell, the greater is the FSC signal. |
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Term
| Define side scatter (SSC). What does it determine in flow? |
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Definition
| Light scattered at a 90⁰ angle (relative to the incident beam). This is refracted and reflected light. Allows for the categorization of cells based on their granularity. The more internal complexity or granularity, the greater the SSC signal. |
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Term
| Define compensation as it relates to flow |
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Definition
| Fluorescence compensation ensures that the cytometer’s light detectors do not measure any spillover from dyes that emit a range of wavelengths. |
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Term
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Definition
| fluorescein isothiocyanate, emits at 525nm, green |
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Term
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Definition
| Phycoerythrin, emits at 575nm, yellow |
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Term
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Definition
| peridinin-chlorophyll-protein, emits at 678nm, red |
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Term
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Definition
| allophycocyanis, emits at 660nm, red |
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Term
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Definition
| Malignancy that occurs at any step in the differentiation from a blast in the bone marrow to a mature leukocyte in the peripheral blood. Can be lymphoid or myeloid in origin and may be classified as acute or chronic depending on onset. |
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Term
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Definition
| Malignancies of the lymphoid system. |
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Term
| List all T-cell surface markers. |
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Definition
| CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD25, CD38, CD56. |
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Term
| What surface marker is on T-helper cells, T-suppressor cells? |
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Definition
| Thelper: CD4. Tsuppressor: CD8. |
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Term
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Definition
| CD19, CD20, CD22, CD23, CD25, HLA-DR |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| List all the cell surface markers associated with monocytes and myeloids. Which marker(s) is/are specific for myeloblasts? |
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Definition
| Mono: CD4, CD11B, CD11C, CD13, CD14, CD15, CD16, HLA-DR. Myeloid: CD33, CD34, C-KIT. Myeloblasts: CD34. |
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Term
| all cell surface markers associated with NK cells |
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Definition
| CD7, CD11B, CD11C, CD16, CD56. |
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Term
| all cell surface markers associated with neutrophils |
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Definition
| CD11C, CD13, CD14, CD15, CD16, CD33 |
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Term
| CD45 corresponds with what specific cell group |
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Definition
| Pan-leukocyte (all WBC’s) |
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Term
| What is the flow rate during the Viability step used to determine |
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Definition
| A flow rate is used to determine how to calculate the ideal concentration of cells for the leukemia/lymphoma staining process. |
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Term
| Chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL): |
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Definition
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Term
| Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): |
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Definition
| CD10/CD19 Dual, TdT +, CD34+. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Multiple Myeloma (plasma cell leukemia): |
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Definition
| Bright CD38, CD138+, Intracellular κ or λ. |
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Term
| Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML): |
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Definition
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Term
| The lymphosum of what 3 cell surface markers is approximately equal to 100%? |
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Definition
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Term
| The lymphosum of what 2 cell surface markers is approximately equal to CD3? |
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Definition
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Term
| Define fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH): |
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Definition
| Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) provides researchers with a way to visualize and map the genetic material in an individual's cells, including specific genes or portions of genes. This is important for understanding a variety of chromosomal abnormalities and other genetic mutations. Unlike most other techniques used to study chromosomes, FISH does not have to be performed on cells that are actively dividing. |
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Definition
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Definition
| CREST variant of progressive or systemic sclerosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| systemic sclerosis or polymyositis/scleroderma overlap |
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Definition
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Definition
| It would need to be further pinpointed using an ENA on the DSX in chemistry. The ENA would be able to narrow down between SLE, MCTD, Sjogren’s syndrome, Neonatal SLE, Scleroderma, or polymyositis. |
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