Term
| What are the 3 estates that made up French society? |
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Definition
| 1st estate, 2nd estate, 3rd estate |
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Term
| What is the percentage/type of people in the 1st estate? |
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Definition
| 1% and were the high ranking church members/clergy |
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Term
| What is the percentage/type of people in the 2nd estate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the percentage/type of people in the 3rd estate? |
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Definition
| 97% and it was everyone else |
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Term
| What are the causes of the French Revolution? |
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Definition
Resentment for lower classes
Enlightenment ideas called for equality
Ecomomic conditions
Unconcerned King |
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Term
| What became the symbolic act of revolution to the French? |
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Definition
| When the Parisians stormed the castle of Bastille |
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Term
| What were the 3 political factors of the Convention? |
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Definition
| Girondists, Jacobins, and the Plain People |
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Term
| What were the Girondists? |
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Definition
| moderates that represented the rich middle class |
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Term
| Who were the leaders of the Jacobin party? |
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Definition
| Marat, Danton, and Robespierre |
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Term
| What were Napoleon's goals? |
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Definition
| Control all of Europe, Make Paris the Capital, and a Society based on Napoleonic Code |
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Term
| What was the Continental system? |
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Definition
| a system that attempted to end European trade with Great Britain |
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Term
| What were the limits of Napoleon's reforms? |
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Definition
No freedom of the press
Political opposition was crushed |
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Term
| Who defeated Napoleon in 1815? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where was Napoleon defeated? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was Napoleon's leagacy? |
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Definition
Secured revolution in France
Spread Enlightenment ideas
Set uniform standards of government |
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Term
| What was the Congress of Viena? |
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Definition
| it was led by Metternich and it wanted to limit France. It restored absolute monarchs and the balance of power |
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Term
| Where did the Industrial Revolution begin? |
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Definition
| in England in the late 18th century |
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Term
| In what industry did the Industrial Revolution begin? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sense of pride and devotion to one's country |
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Term
| What is Industrialization? |
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Definition
| the process of developing machine production of goods |
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Term
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Definition
| city building and movement of people to cities |
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Term
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Definition
| group of disgruntled workers who smashed factory machines |
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Term
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Definition
| Economic policy of letting owners of industry set working conditions without interference |
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Term
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Definition
| ecomomic system where money is invested in business venture with the goal of making a profit |
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Term
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Definition
| prodution should be owned and controlled by society |
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Term
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Definition
| a movement in which artists emphasized human and imagination over reason |
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Term
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Definition
| attempted to give the impression of a subject or a moment in time |
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Term
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Definition
| attemtped to show the life the way it really was |
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Term
| What are England's advantages for starting the Industiral Revolution? |
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Definition
Large population of workers
Natural Resources
Factors of production |
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Term
| What was the Tennis Court Oath? |
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Definition
| declared the national assembly, and met at a tennis court; they vowed to stay until a written constitution for France was created |
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Term
| Describe the Reign of Terror |
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Definition
| a period during the French Revolution in which the Robespierre-led government executed thousands of political figuresand ordinary citizens |
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Term
| Describe the downfall of Napoleon's Empire. |
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Definition
| Napoleon went to Russia because Russia started to trade with Great Britain, Napoleon ended up retreating because of harsh conditions and loss of troops, he was exiled to Elba, he made his way back to France, was defeated at Waterloo, and then was banished to the island of Helena |
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Term
| What was the Quadruple Alliance? |
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Definition
| was formed to prevent democratic and nationalistic revolutions and preserve territorial boundaries |
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Term
| What was the Concert of Europe? |
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Definition
| allowed nations to help each other during revolutions |
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Term
| What was the contribution of James Hargreaves? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the contribution of Edmund Cartwright? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the contribution of Samuel Slater? |
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Definition
| a spinning machine from memory |
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Term
| What was the contribution of Thomas Malthus? |
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Definition
| population growth will outpace the food supply |
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Term
| What was the contribution of Robert Owen |
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Definition
| founded a cooperative community in Indiana |
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Term
| What was the contribution of Beethoven? |
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Definition
| composer that composed the 9th symphony |
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Term
| What was the contribution of Richard Arkwright? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the contribution of Eli Whitney? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the contribution of Francis Lowell? |
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Definition
| Mechanized every stage in manufacturing of cloth; "Lowell's girls" |
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Term
| What was the contribution of Jeremy Bentham? |
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Definition
| developed utilitarianism-the greatest good for the greatest number |
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Term
| What was the contribution of Victor Hugo? |
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Definition
1) Led the French romantics
2) Wrote Les Miserables and Hunchback of Notre Dame |
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Term
| What was the contribution of Frederic Chopin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the contribution of George Stephenson? |
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Definition
| set up the first railroad line |
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Term
| What was the contribution of Robert Fulton? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the contribution of Adam Smith? |
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Definition
| wrote the book Wealth of Nations; ecomomic liberty guaranteed economic progress |
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Term
| What was the contribution of John Stuart Mill |
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Definition
| equitable distribution of national wealth, freedom of thought, universal suffrage and equal rights for women |
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Term
| What was the contribution of Mary Shelley? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the contribution of Charles Dickens? |
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Definition
| wrote about the despair of London's poor in his novel Oliver Twist |
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Term
| what is the significance of the railroads during the industrial revolution? |
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Definition
| railroads helped move goods faster, railroads created jobs, and railroads boosted agricultural and fishing industries |
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Term
| Why was the steam power an important part of the factory system? |
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Definition
| because it was used to power the machines that made the cloth |
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Term
| How did the growth of factories affect cities and towns? |
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Definition
| the growth of factories brought waves of jobseekers to cities and towns |
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Term
| Describe the living conditions of early industrialized cities. |
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Definition
| cities lacked adequate housing, education, and police protection; cities had no sewer drains and collected heaps of garbage; workers usually lived in one room apartments |
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Term
| Describe the working conditions of factories. |
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Definition
| workers usually worked 14-16 hours a day; machines exploded, people lost limbs, no ability to protest their conditions |
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Term
| What are the positive effects of the Industrial Revolution? |
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Definition
| created jobs and wealth for nations; increased production and improved standard of living; provided hope for a better life |
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Term
| What is the global impact of the Industrial Revolution? |
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Definition
promoted competition
Strengthened economic ties
Countries exploited colonies for resources and markets |
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Term
| What was the theory of Karl Marx? |
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Definition
| history advanced through conflict; economics was a major force for change; Wrote the Communist Manifesto; capitalism is a temporary phase; communism is the final phase where production is owned by the people |
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Term
| What is the significance of the Reform Act of 1832? |
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Definition
| Eliminated unequal representation in Parliament; extended voting to middle class; abolished slavery; improved city conditions |
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Term
| What is the significance of the Factory Act of 1833? |
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Definition
| limited working hours for women and children |
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Term
| What was the Dreyfus Affair? |
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Definition
| a Jewish French officer who was convicted of selling secrets to the Germans, was tried and found guilty, but later was pardoned based on the fact that he was framed because he was a Jew. This openly showed the feelings of Anti-Semitism |
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Term
| What is the importance of the rise of Zionism? |
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Definition
| Dreyfus affair showed the strength of anti-Semitism in Western Europe and the rise of organized violence against Jews in Russia. A movement for a Jewish homeland in Palestine resulted |
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Term
| What is the difference between the painting styles of Romanticism, Impressionism, and Realism? |
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Definition
| Romanticism emphasized human imagination over reason; Impressionism attempted to give the impression of a subject or a moment in time; and Realism attempted to show the life the way it really was |
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Term
| Who are the key impressionist painters? |
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Definition
| Edouard Monet, Claude Monet, and Pierre-August Remoir |
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Term
| What was the Gothic novel that we talked about? |
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Definition
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