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| a process in which we learn and internalize the attitudes, values, beliefs and norms of our culture |
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| integrates theories and research from biology and sociology in effort to better understand behavior |
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| children hanging out in the wild |
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| a dominant pattern of attitudes, feelings and behaviors |
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| a person's conscious recognition that he or she is a distinct individual part of a larger society |
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| The process in which individuals use others like mirrors and base conceptions of themselves on what is reflected back to them |
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| the unsocialized self as subject |
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| the socialized self as a subject |
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| The self that emerges in a particular situation |
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| Those groups and institutions that both informally and formally take on the task of socialization |
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| The idea that much human behavior is learned from modeling others. |
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| what computers and electronic telecommunications have created |
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| process in which individuals move from one biological/social stage to another as they grow and develop |
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| Ceremonies symbolically acknowledging transitions from one life stage to another |
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| Learning of human characteristics and behaviors, development of concept of self |
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| Ability to anticipate what others expect of us, acting accordingly |
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| Specific people with whom we interact and whose response has meaning for us |
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| The dominant attitudes and expectation of most members of society |
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| Anticipatory socialization |
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| Learning designed to prepare individual for fulfillment of future statuses, roles. |
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| Developmental socialization |
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| Learning better to fulfill the roles we already occupy. |
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| "Unlearning" of previous normative expectations and roles |
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| Learning a radically different set of norms, attitudes, values, beliefs and behaviors |
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| Places where people carry out virtually all of their activities |
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| Process in which an individual is stripped of his/her former self, publically stigmatized, assigned new identity |
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| Ordered relationships and patterned expectations that guide social interaction |
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| A socially defined position in a social structure |
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| All of the statuses a person has at a given time |
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| Two or more statuses that a society deems contradictory |
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| Statuses assigned to individuals without reference to their abilities or efforts |
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| Statuses secured through effort and ability |
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| A status that dominates all other statuses |
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| A set of expectations, rights, and duties that are attached to a particular status |
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| When people play role but remain detached from it to avoid any negative aspects of the role |
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| When a person's sense of identity is partially influenced by a role |
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| When a role becomes central to a person's identity and the person literarlly becomes role he/she is playing |
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| Multiple roles that are attached to almost every status |
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| Contradictory expectations and demands attached to single role |
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| When a person cannot fulfill the roles of 1 status without violating those of another |
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| The total web of an indivdual's relationship and group memberships. |
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| Relatively enduring clusters of values, norms, social statuses, roles and groups that address fundamental social needs |
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| The mutual influence of 2 or more people on each other's behavior |
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| Patterns of Social Interaction |
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| Exchange, cooperation, competition, conflict, coercion. |
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| The process by which we form impressions of others and ourselves |
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| Static and oversimplified ideas about a group or social category |
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| Behaviors influenced or shaped by presence of others |
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| An area around our body that we reserve for ourselves, intimate people, and close friends |
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| Personal space and non-verbal communication |
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| Intimate distance, personal distance, social distance, public distance |
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| The body movements, gestures and facial expressions that we use to communicate with others |
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| Definition of the situation |
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| Idea when people define situations as real they become real in their consequences |
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| Analyzes social interaction as though participants were actors in ongoing drama |
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| Ways that people use revelation and concealment to make favorable impression on others. |
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| Way of analyzing "taken-for-granted" aspects that give meaning to social interaction |
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| A collection of people who happen to be in the same place at the same time. |
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| People with similar social characteristics or a common status |
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| 2 or more people who interact in patterned ways, have feelings of unity, share interests and expectations |
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| People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships |
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| Two or more people who interact on formal and impersonal basis to accomplish specific objectives. |
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| Group with which people identify and have sense of belonging |
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| Group that people do not identify with, consider less worthy and less desirable than own. |
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| Material/symbolic devices that identify who is inside or outside of a group |
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| Groups that people refer to when evaluating personal qualities, circumstances, attitudes, values and behaviors |
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| decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony |
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| Secondary groups that are formally organized to achieve specific goals |
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| Three approaches to organizations |
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| Structural functionalist, conflict, symbolic interactionism |
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| Large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, rational worldview to achieve efficency. |
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| Workers conform to rules and procedures to a degree that they become more important than goals |
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| impromptu meetings of people coordinated over Internet |
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| Violation of a social norm |
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| Adherence to social norms. |
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| guidelines that govern our thoughts, beliefs and behaviors |
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| Scope of behaviors considered acceptable and defined as conformity |
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| terms we apply to people and behaviors based on many circumstances |
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| Any act that violates a criminal law |
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| Criminal acts against people and their property that are motivated by racial and ethnic prejudices and other social biases |
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| Any characteristic that sets people apart and discredits or disqualifies them from full social acceptance and participation |
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| Views deviance as analogous to illness |
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| Sexually explicit material intended solely for sex |
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| A problem that potentially threatens society |
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| View that deviance is result of tensions/strain experience by people because of social structure |
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| State of social strain when people's behavior is no longer restrained |
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| people accepting socially approved goals and pursuing them. |
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| Conflict theories of deviance |
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| View deviance as occurring when groups of power attempt to impose norms and values on less powerful groups |
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| Includes all aspects of white-collar crime, deviant acts in power |
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| View deviance and conformity as labels assigned to certain people |
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| When individuals violate norms and viewed as deviant but rejects label. |
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| Internalization of deviant label and assumption of deviant role |
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| Contend all behavior (including deviance) learned through social interaction |
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| Contend deviance is normal and conformity must be explained |
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| Mechanisms people use to enforce prevailing social norms |
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| States deviance will be dettered if - social sanctions are perceived to be certain, swift, severe. |
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| Process in which people are set apart for differential treatment by virtue of statuses, roles, other social characteristics |
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| Condition in which people have unequal access to wealth, power, prestige |
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| Form of inequality in which categories of people systematically ranked in hierarchy on basis of access to scarce resources |
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| Society with 2 distinct strata- category of people free and people legally property of others |
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| Ranking is hereditary and permanent, marriage btw members of different categories is prohibited |
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| Social hierachy centered on monopoly of power and ownership of land by group of elites |
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| Economic factor and acheived statuses are principal means of ranking |
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| A person's or family's total economic assets |
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| Ability to realize one's will, even against resistance and opposition of others |
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| Respect and admiration people attach to various social positions |
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| Ranking that combines income, occupational prestige, level of education, neighborhood to assess people's positions in stratification |
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| When people fall below minimum subsistence level and unable to function as members of society |
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| Lack of resources relative to others and overall standards of society |
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| Women and girls constitute a disproportionate share of the poor |
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| A set of norms, beliefs, values and attiudes that trap small number of urban poor in permanent cycle of poverty |
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| Opportunities for securing such things as health, education, autonomy, leisure, and long life. |
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| The movement of people from one social position to another in stratification system |
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| Large-scale changes in occupational, educational, corporate social strctures |
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| Distinctive ways in which group members consume goods/services and display rank |
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