Term
| Influenza virus A, B (orthomyxovirus) DNA/RNA, symptoms, drug of choice, alternatives |
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Definition
| RNA; flu, pneumonia (if <5,>65, pregnant); DOC: oseltamivir; alt: zanamivir, amantadine, rimantadine |
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Term
| oseltamivir mode of action, delivery, contraindication, tx? |
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Definition
| neuraminidase inhibitor (sialic analog); oral prodrug; not if <1; tx: flu A, B, H1N1 |
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Term
| Zanamivir mode of action, delivery, contraindication, resistance, tx, SE? |
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Definition
| neuraminidase inhibitor (sialic analog); inhalation; not if < 7 yo; resistance: neuraminidase change; tx: flu; SE: respiratory irritation, bronchospasm (no: if COPD/asthma) |
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Term
| Amantadine/Rimantadine mode of action, resistance, tx |
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Definition
| blocks M2 proton pump on virus (pumps in endosome H+, lowers pH which denatures viral capsid and endosome membrane; resistance: AM2 amino acid change; tx: flu A (AM2 H+ pump) NOT B (BM2), not H1NI (new M2 pump?), also: amantadine used for Parkinson (increases dopamine release and decreases dopamine reuptake)... "A man to dine, takes off coat"...stops coat from denaturing |
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Term
| respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, paramyxo virus) DNA/RNA, symptoms, drug of choice |
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Definition
| RNA; broncholitis, viral pneumonia in kids/immunosuppressed people; doc: ribavirin |
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Term
| ribavirin mode of action, tx, SEs (3) |
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Definition
| blocks RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (guanosine nucleoside analog - must be phosphorylated by host kinase); tx: RSV, Lassa fever (hemorrhagic), hepatitis C (HCV) with PEGylated interferon alpha (for HBV use lamivudine + PEG); SE: 1) dose dependent anemia (affects highly replicating RBCs) 2) elevated bilirubin 3) teratogen (no if pregnant) |
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Term
| Herpes Simplex (HSV) and Varicella Zoster (VZV) DNA/RNA, symptoms, drug of choice, alternatives |
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Definition
| DNA; sx: HSV-1 orofacial, HSV-2 genital/ VZV chicken pox, shingles; acyclovir; foscarnet, famciclovir |
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Term
| acyclovir mode of action; resistance, tx, SE? |
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Definition
| inhibits viral DNA polymerase (G-nucleoside analog), strong affinity for thymidine kinase and viral DNA polymerase; tx: HSV, VZV; SE: nephro and neurotoxic at high dose |
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Term
| foscarnet mode of action, tx, SE, advantage? |
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Definition
| inhibition of viral DNA polymerase at pyrophosphate binding site (pyrophoshate is a DNA polymerase cofactor, drug is an analog of cofactor); tx: for HSV, VZV if acyclovir resistant or use if have retinitis caused by CMV; SE: dose dependent nephrotoxicity, hypocalcemia (PO4 and Ca travel together out of blood); NO bone marrow suppression since viral specific |
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Term
| famciclovir mode of action, resistance, tx? |
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Definition
| prodrug that inhibits DNA polymerase (G-nucleoside analog), strong affinity for thymidine kinase and viral DNA polymerase; resistance: change to viral kinase or viral DNA polymerase; tx: alt drug for HSV and VZV |
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Term
| Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA/RNA, symptoms, drug of choice, alternatives |
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Definition
| DNA; pneumonia (transplant px), retinitis/colitis (AIDS px); doc: ganciclovir; alt: foscarnet, cidofovir |
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Term
| ganciclovir mode of action, resistance, tx, SE (2)? |
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Definition
| inhibits viral DNA polymerase (G-nucleoside analog), affinity for UL97 & viral DNA polymerase (less than HSV/VZV drugs); resistance: change to viral kinase or viral DNA polymerase; SE: 1) mone marrow suppression 2) mucositis (due to lower selectivity for viral kinase and DNA polymerase) |
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Term
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Definition
| releases flu virus from infected cell by cleaving cell's sialic acid from virus' hemagglutinin |
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Term
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Definition
| ending for antiviral drugs that inhibit viral release from infected cell (Antiviral Mechanism Inhibits VIral Release) |
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Term
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Definition
| strains of one virus or different viruses combine to form virus with a novel combination of antigens |
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Term
| pegylated interferon alpha (PEG) |
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Definition
| natural substance in the body that fights viruses |
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Term
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Definition
| RNA: Flu, H1N1, RSV (respiratory syncytial), Lassa, HBV/HCV (Hepatitis B/C); DNA: HSV (herpes simplex), VZV (varicella zoster), CMV (cytomegalovirus) |
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Term
| Antiviral G nucleoside analogs examples (enzymes used) |
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Definition
| Ganciclovir (UL 97), Acyclovir (thymidine kinase), Penciclovir (thymidine kinase)...GAP (close GAP on Guanosine with A viral Phosphate) |
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