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Power, security, interests.
Without security, the existence of the state may be compromised.
Power ensures the states chances of survival. |
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| The strengths and weaknesses of one state can be provocative to other states. |
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| States Constantly pursue power, that is they... |
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-defend their interests
-protect their resources
-create alliances
-React to external factors
-Impose will on others |
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States cannot be equal
-Distribution of power unequal
Inequality of power
-hegemon may arise |
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Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar |
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| a few great powers dominated the world. |
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| No state could challenge the US |
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| Mutually assured destruction |
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1.Politics are governed by objective. Man seek power----> security laws with roots in human nature.
2.Intrest in defined by power
3.Power is control of man over man.
4.States try to build order in the situation of anarchy, without any authority or law above them.
5. Man is aware of moral significance of political action but action is dictated by survival. |
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states are the only actors.
-no differentiation between democratic and authoritarian states.
States are unequal. |
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| How do states handle anarchy |
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build order in international system.
exercise power to promote interests
Seek to balance power
Ultimate violent policy is war
Non violent policies are: alliances, coalitions, diplomacy, increase military, economic strength |
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Focus on global power structure
-Structure realsim |
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Realism| anarchy-->State is only actor-->State aggressive power seeker
Neorealism| anarchy-->State is only actor-->State survives |
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| Why does the US roam the world? |
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US is a hegemon
US wants to roam
US can roam |
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| imposing will and worldview on others |
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| a school of thought of international relations that focusses on interaction and actors |
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| 3 interconnected Principles are |
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1.International system more then search for power and security
2.Emphasizes cooperation and mutual benifits |
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States are still most important
Other entities can play important role |
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| Three Interconnected fields of NGO activity |
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| Humanitarian aid, advocacy and education, and facts gathering and analysis |
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| How many NGOs have started in the last decade? |
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| Differentiate between democracy and authoritarianism |
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| Conflict between Democratic and Authoritarian |
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| authoritarian vs authoritarian |
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| Democratic vs authoritarian |
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Peace achieved through a consensus among democracies
democracies don't fight each other |
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| Liberalism is more conceptually diverse |
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| relies on more then states |
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| Cooperation can and does occur |
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| cooperation and compromis define the IS |
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| War not equal to system level chaos |
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| big war may be a thing of the past |
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| isolation, intervention, multilateralism |
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| supporting international trade but no rights to impose states will on other states |
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| intervening abroad to address injustices, if diplomacy and other nonviolent means are exhausted. |
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| cooperating with other states to find solutions to international challenges. |
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| Liberalism VS Neoliberalism |
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Liberalsim|anarchy->State is most important actor->states can cooperate.
Neoliberalism| anarchy(Interdependent system)->state is one of many actors->state interdepence |
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| Economic and military power |
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Influence by example
winning the hearts and minds
Spread culture |
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| is broadly conceived as the study of the relationship between states in the international system |
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| sovereign government, population, defined territory |
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When a government has the ability to govern over a defined territory without outside interference (of fear of)
limits in the modern world
Tools: military, money, law |
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| Military dictatorships and small radical groups not affiliated with any states are todays threats to stability in the international system |
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Not government endnote for profit; just somewhere in the middle.
ex wikimedia, human rights watch |
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Influence foreign policy
support important programs
give voice
offer assistance
raise international concern |
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Spread of democracy
Globalization
New technology |
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| A group of people that share the same beliefs, culture, folklore, religion and language |
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| a state that consists primarily of one nation |
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| Nation and stars are the same thing |
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| the global system of states |
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| The international system is one of anarchy and chaos |
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| best way yet discovered for distinguishing the truth from lies and delusion |
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| is a proposed explanation for something |
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allience
foreign policy
diplomacy |
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| separate forces working together for common goals |
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| groups of people answer questions on such topics as foreign policy |
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| any information about the interests, intentions, capabilities, and actions of foreign states. |
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self interest
prestige of publisher
competition |
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Government and NGO reports
Eye witness accounts
communications
intelligence
surveys
experimental methods |
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large explanatory power
Simplest explanation
satisfying
clearly framed
important
The finding are useful |
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| system of ideas intending to explain something |
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| In IR theories their is no |
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| absolute "correct" or "incorrect" theories |
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Government officials (Retired)?
investigative journalsits
NGO representatives
Personal testimonies
Witness Accounts
Refugee Stories |
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official documents
communique
content analysis
government documents (FOIA)
other (speeches, interviews, etc) |
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in experiments, scholars put participants in controlled conditions, as in a game
Most experiments study conflict analysis |
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The character of the domestic system
(instituions, ideology, etc) |
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| In the IS (state alignment, negotiation, etc) |
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Westphalia Peace treaty of 1648 created modern concept of a state.
Ethnic identity important
Modern tools: international treaties, economy, professional military |
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| individual leaders within a particular state |
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| Individual level assumptions |
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individuals are unique
decisions are usually the outcomes of struggle, bargaining, and compromises |
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| based the scientific method |
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| can then be applied to evaluate specific solutions and decision making |
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| the breaking of something complex into smaller parts to understand their essential features |
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disrupt international trade
damage the environment
require substantial human and material resources |
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| with or without empirical support |
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| Government and NGO reports offer |
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defense
economics
commerce
tourism
population
ect |
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| Most valuable surveys are... |
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| Opinion polls and focus groups |
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Internal political disagreement
Political & ideological biases
Bureaucratic Delays
Corruption, incompetence |
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| IGOs Inter Governmental Organization |
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association of several states created for a combination of strategic and political influences.
Ex. UN, NATO, WHO, APEC |
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Government officials
Politcal Parties
Private Citizens |
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perhaps reduce poverty
address injustices
eliminate inequality |
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to act on theory
to answer questions |
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| Scientific theories can be... |
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| invented, advocate separatism, collective identity |
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Tackle large problems
Pursue economic goals
keep peace
increase collective responsibility |
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The interaction of multiple factors players, conditions and contacts matter
Takes into account both the positions of states in the IS and their interrelationship |
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domestic issues influence the interaction
domestic factors rooted in cultural and social norms |
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