Term
| Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly |
|
Definition
| Budd-chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Familial hypercholesterolemia (decreased LDL receptor signaling) |
|
|
Term
| Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC |
|
Definition
| Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia) |
|
|
Term
| Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints |
|
Definition
| Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin defect) |
|
|
Term
| Athlete with polycythemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss |
|
Definition
| Pott's disease (vertebral tuberculosis) |
|
|
Term
| Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis |
|
Definition
| Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Osteogenesis imperfecta (collagen defect) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Burton's line (lead poisoning) |
|
|
Term
| Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis |
|
Definition
| Paget's disease of bone (increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity) |
|
|
Term
| Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Butterfly" facial rash and Raynaud's phenomenon in a young female |
|
Definition
| Systemic lupus erythematosus |
|
|
Term
| Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma) |
|
Definition
Neurofibromatosis type I (+pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas)
Neurofibramotosis type II (+bilateral acoustic neuromas) |
|
|
Term
| Cafe-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty |
|
Definition
| McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne's): X-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene |
|
|
Term
| "Cherry-red spot" on macula |
|
Definition
| Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Angina (stable: moderate exertion; unstable: minimal exertion) |
|
|
Term
| Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI |
|
Definition
| Dressler's syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 weeks after acute episode) |
|
|
Term
| Child uses arms to stand up from squat |
|
Definition
| Gowers' sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy) |
|
|
Term
| Child with fever develops red rash on face that spreads to body |
|
Definition
| "Slapped cheeks" (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19) |
|
|
Term
| Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration |
|
Definition
| Huntington's disease (autosomal-dominant CAG repeat expansion) |
|
|
Term
| Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria |
|
Definition
| McArdle's disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia |
|
Definition
| Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral [multiple sclerosis], unilateral [stroke] |
|
|
Term
| Continuous "machinery" heart murmur |
|
Definition
| PDA (close with indomethacin; open with misoprostol) |
|
|
Term
| Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition |
|
Definition
| Myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves' disease [periorbital]) |
|
|
Term
| Dark purple skin/mouth nodules |
|
Definition
| Kaposi's sarcoma (usually AIDS patients [gay men]: associated with HHV-8) |
|
|
Term
| Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation |
|
Definition
| Kussmaul breathing (diabetic ketoacidosis) |
|
|
Term
| Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea |
|
Definition
| Pellagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy |
|
Definition
| Wet beriberi (thiamine [vitamin B1] deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| Dog or cat bite resulting in infection |
|
Definition
| Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site) |
|
|
Term
| Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis |
|
Definition
| Sjogren's syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands) |
|
|
Term
| Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia |
|
Definition
| Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma) |
|
|
Term
| Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints |
|
Definition
| Ehlers=Danlos syndrome (type III collagen defect) |
|
|
Term
| Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node |
|
Definition
| Virchow's node (abdominal metastasis) |
|
|
Term
| Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells |
|
Definition
| Sezary syndrome (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungoides |
|
|
Term
| Facial muscle spasm upon tapping |
|
Definition
| Chvostek's sign (hypocalcemia) |
|
|
Term
| Fat, female, forty, and fertile |
|
Definition
| Acute cholelithiasis (bile duct blockage) |
|
|
Term
| Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis |
|
Definition
| Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release) |
|
|
Term
| Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fever, night sweats, weight loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis |
|
Definition
| Peyronic's disease (connective tissue disorder) |
|
|
Term
| Gout, mental retardation, self-mutilating behavior in a boy |
|
Definition
| Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive) |
|
|
Term
| Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea |
|
Definition
| Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson's disease) |
|
|
Term
| Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands |
|
Definition
| Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (genetic benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; increased cancer risk) |
|
|
Term
| Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms |
|
Definition
| Gaucher's disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts |
|
Definition
| Alport syndrome (mutation in alpha chain of collagen IV) |
|
|
Term
| Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasulitis) |
|
Definition
| Trousseau's sign (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung) |
|
|
Term
| Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility |
|
Definition
| Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion) |
|
|
Term
| Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, positive Babinski sign |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia |
|
Definition
| "Blue bloater" (chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells) |
|
|
Term
| Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion |
|
Definition
Nonpainful: chancre (1 syphilis, Treponema pallidum)
Painful, with exudate: chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi) |
|
|
Term
| Infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegeneration |
|
Definition
| Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| Infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly |
|
Definition
| Cori's disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect |
|
Definition
| Edwards' syndrome (trisomy 18) |
|
|
Term
| Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Large rash with bulls'-eye appearance |
|
Definition
| Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia) |
|
|
Term
| Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury |
|
Definition
| Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture) |
|
|
Term
| Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells |
|
Definition
| Bruton's disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia) |
|
|
Term
| Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time |
|
Definition
| Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa) |
|
|
Term
| Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth |
|
Definition
| Gardner's syndrome (subtype of FAP) |
|
|
Term
| Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance |
|
Definition
| Pompe's disease (lysosomal alpha-1,4-glucosidase deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis |
|
Definition
| Wegener's (c-ANCA positive) and Goodpasture's syndromes (anti-basement membrane antibodies) |
|
|
Term
| Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth |
|
Definition
| Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury: "waiter's tip") |
|
|
Term
| No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance |
|
Definition
| Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary infarction) |
|
|
Term
| Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oscillating slow/fast breathing |
|
Definition
| Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or increased intracranial pressure) |
|
|
Term
| Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia |
|
Definition
| Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis) |
|
|
Term
| Painful, pale, cold fingers/toes |
|
Definition
| Raynaud's syndrome (vasospasm in extremities) |
|
|
Term
| Painful, raised red lesions on palms and soles |
|
Definition
| Osler's node (infective endocarditis) |
|
|
Term
| Painless erythematous lesions on palms and sole |
|
Definition
| Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct |
|
|
Term
| Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child) |
|
Definition
| Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys) |
|
|
Term
| Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation |
|
Definition
| "Pink puffer" (emphysema: centroacinar [smoking], panacinar [alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency]) |
|
|
Term
| Polyuria, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances |
|
Definition
| Fanconi's syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect) |
|
|
Term
| Positive anterior "drawer sign" |
|
Definition
| Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury |
|
|
Term
| Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis |
|
Definition
| Horner's syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion) |
|
|
Term
| Pupil accommodates but doesn't react |
|
Definition
| Argyll-Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis) |
|
|
Term
| Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends (following GI/upper respiratory infection) |
|
Definition
| Guillain-Barre syndrome (autoimmune actue inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Coxsackie A, 2 syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever |
|
|
Term
| Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE |
|
Definition
| Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job's syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality) |
|
|
Term
| Red "currant jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola |
|
Definition
| Paget's disease of the breast (represents underlying neoplasm) |
|
|
Term
| Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs |
|
Definition
| Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria |
|
|
Term
| Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma |
|
Definition
| von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation) |
|
|
Term
| Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability |
|
Definition
| Parkinson's disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion) |
|
|
Term
| Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers |
|
Definition
| Roth's spots (bacterial endocarditis) |
|
|
Term
| Severe jaundice in neonate |
|
Definition
| Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia) |
|
|
Term
| Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness |
|
Definition
| McBurney's sign (appendicitis) |
|
|
Term
| Short stature, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia |
|
Definition
| Fanconi's anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often progresses to AML) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Simian crease (Down syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility |
|
Definition
| Karagener's syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Addison's disease (Primary adrenocortical insufficiency causes increased ACTH and alpha-MSH pigmentation) |
|
|
Term
| Slow, progressive muscle weaness in boys |
|
Definition
| Becker's muscular dystrophy (X-linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne's) |
|
|
Term
| Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers |
|
Definition
| Koplik spots (measles; rubeola virus) |
|
|
Term
| Smooth, flat, moist white lesions on genitals |
|
Definition
| Condylomata lata (secondary syphilis) |
|
|
Term
| Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth |
|
Definition
| Turner syndrome (45XO), short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema) |
|
|
Term
| Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi |
|
Definition
| Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia) |
|
|
Term
| Swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin |
|
Definition
| Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis) |
|
|
Term
| Swollen, hard painful finger joints |
|
Definition
| Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard's nodes], DIP [Heberden's nodes] |
|
|
Term
| Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma |
|
Definition
| MEN 2A (autosomal dominant ret mutation) |
|
|
Term
| Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis |
|
Definition
| MEN 2B (autosomal dominant ret mutation) |
|
|
Term
| Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape |
|
Definition
| Babinski sign (UMN lesion) |
|
|
Term
| Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead |
|
Definition
| Bell's palsy (LMN CN VII palsy) |
|
|
Term
| Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male |
|
Definition
| Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27 |
|
|
Term
| Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain) |
|
Definition
| Hemangioma (benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| Vomiting blood following esophagogastric lacerations |
|
Definition
| Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients) |
|
|
Term
| "Waxy" casts with very low urine flow |
|
Definition
| Chronic end-stage renal disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy |
|
Definition
| Whipple's disease (Tropheryma whippelii) |
|
|
Term
| "Worst headache of my life" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anticentromeric antibodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidesmoglein (epithelial antibodies) |
|
Definition
| Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering) |
|
|
Term
| Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies |
|
Definition
| Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rhematoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity) |
|
|
Term
| Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) |
|
Definition
| Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension) |
|
|
Term
| Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) |
|
Definition
| Vasculitis (c-ANCA: Wegener's; p-ANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA) |
|
Definition
| SLE (type III hypersensitivity) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) |
|
|
Term
| Anti-topoisomerase antibodies |
|
Definition
| Diffuse systemic scleroderma |
|
|
Term
| Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies |
|
Definition
| Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss) |
|
|
Term
| "Apple core" lesion on abdominal x-ray |
|
Definition
| Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided) |
|
|
Term
| Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts |
|
Definition
| Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27) |
|
|
Term
| Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs |
|
Definition
| Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen) |
|
|
Term
| Basophilic stippling of RBCs |
|
Definition
| Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Boot-shaped" heart on x-ray |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchogenic apical lung tumor |
|
Definition
| Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to: 1. Hyperparathyroidism and 2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica |
|
|
Term
| Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy |
|
Definition
| Chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi) |
|
|
Term
| Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule |
|
Definition
| Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries) |
|
|
Term
| Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils |
|
Definition
| Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma) |
|
|
Term
| Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs |
|
Definition
| Cystic fibrosis (AR mutation to CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs) |
|
|
Term
| Decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum |
|
Definition
| Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality |
|
|
Term
| Degeneration of the dorsal column nerves |
|
Definition
| Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis) |
|
|
Term
| Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra |
|
Definition
| Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia) |
|
|
Term
| Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum |
|
Definition
| Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs) |
|
|
Term
| Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid |
|
Definition
| Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary) |
|
|
Term
| Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia) |
|
Definition
| Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer) |
|
|
Term
| Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies |
|
Definition
| "Ow's-eye" appearance of CMV |
|
|
Term
| Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei |
|
Definition
| "Orphan Annie" eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid) |
|
|
Term
| Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell |
|
Definition
| Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease) |
|
|
Term
| Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell |
|
Definition
| Lewy body (Parkinson's disease) |
|
|
Term
| Eosinophilic globule in liver |
|
Definition
| Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever) |
|
|
Term
| Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells |
|
Definition
| Rabies virus (Lyssavirus) |
|
|
Term
| Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain |
|
Definition
| Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease) |
|
|
Term
| Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye) |
|
Definition
| Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma) |
|
|
Term
| Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells |
|
Definition
| Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor) |
|
|
Term
| "Hair-on-end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray |
|
Definition
| B-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo) |
|
|
Term
| Heart nodules (granulomatous) |
|
Definition
| Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infectious mononucleosis (EBV) |
|
|
Term
| Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions |
|
Definition
| Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DVT, pumonary embolism, DIC |
|
|
Term
| Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify) |
|
Definition
| Ghon complex (primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli) |
|
|
Term
| "Honeycomb lung" on x-ray |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hypersegmented neutrophils |
|
Definition
| Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms) |
|
|
Term
| Hypochromic, microcytic anemia |
|
Definition
| Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present) |
|
|
Term
| Increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum |
|
Definition
| Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects) |
|
|
Term
| Increased uric acid levels |
|
Definition
| Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics |
|
|
Term
| Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies |
|
Definition
| Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV) |
|
|
Term
| Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum |
|
Definition
| Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis, increased chance of mesothelioma) |
|
|
Term
| Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency |
|
Definition
| Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation) |
|
|
Term
| "Lead pipe" appearance of colon on x-ray |
|
Definition
| Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra) |
|
|
Term
| Linear appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) |
|
|
Term
| "Lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence |
|
Definition
| Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b) |
|
|
Term
| Lytic ("hole-punched") bone lesions on x-ray |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mammary gland ("blue-domed") cyst |
|
Definition
| Fibrocystic change of the breast |
|
|
Term
| Monoclonal antibody spike |
|
Definition
1. Multiple myeloma (called the M protein, usually IgG or IgA)
2. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; normal consequence of aging)
3. Waldenstrom's (M protein=IgM) macroglobulinemia
4. Primary amyloidosis |
|
|
Term
| Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine |
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Definition
| Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine]), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM) |
|
|
Term
| Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus |
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Definition
| Signet ring (gastric carcinoma) |
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|
Term
| Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph |
|
Definition
| "String sign" (Crohn's disease) |
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|
Term
| Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals |
|
Definition
| Gout (monosodium urate crystals) |
|
|
Term
| Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli |
|
Definition
| Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis; resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
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|
Term
| "Nutmeg" appearance of liver |
|
Definition
| Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure |
|
|
Term
| "Onion-skin" periosteal reaction |
|
Definition
| Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae; resistant: Viridans streptococcus |
|
|
Term
| Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area |
|
Definition
| Codman's triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion |
|
Definition
| Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis) |
|
|
Term
| Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau |
|
Definition
| Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's disease) and Pick's bodies (Pick's disease) |
|
|
Term
| Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rectagular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells |
|
Definition
| Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor) |
|
|
Term
| Renal epithelial casts in urine |
|
Definition
| Acute toxic/viral nephrosis |
|
|
Term
| Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent |
|
Definition
| Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky" appearance on histology) |
|
Definition
| Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; "black sky" made up of malignant cells) |
|
|
Term
| Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons |
|
Definition
| Pick bodies (Pick's disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality) |
|
|
Term
| "Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray |
|
Definition
| Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign) |
|
|
Term
| "Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits |
|
Definition
| Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| Stacks of red blood cells |
|
Definition
| Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma) |
|
|
Term
| Stippled vaginal epithelial cells |
|
Definition
| "Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis) |
|
|
Term
| "Tennis-racket"-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells |
|
Definition
| Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma) |
|
|
Term
| Thrombi made of white/red layers |
|
Definition
| Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs) |
|
|
Term
| "Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray |
|
Definition
| Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae) |
|
|
Term
| Thyroid-like appearance of kidney |
|
Definition
| Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis |
|
|
Term
| "Tram-track" appearance on LM |
|
Definition
| Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
| Triglycerid accumulation in liver cell vacuoles |
|
Definition
| Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CLL (almost always B cell; affects the elderly) |
|
|
Term
| "Wire loop" glomerular appearance on LM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Xanthochromia (previous subarachnoid hemorrhage) |
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