Term
| anti-centromere antibodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anti-desmoglein (epithelial) antibodies |
|
Definition
| pemphigus vulgaris (blistering) |
|
|
Term
| ant-glomerular basement membrane antibodies |
|
Definition
| Goodpasture's syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hempysis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity) |
|
|
Term
| anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) |
|
Definition
| primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension) |
|
|
Term
| anti-neutrophil cytoplsmic antibodies (ANCAs) |
|
Definition
| vasculitis (c-ANCA: Wegner's; p-ANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA) |
|
Definition
| SLE (type III hypersensitivity) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) |
|
|
Term
| anti-topoisomerase antibodies |
|
Definition
| diffuse systemic scleroderma |
|
|
Term
| anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies |
|
Definition
| celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss) |
|
|
Term
| "apple core" lesion on abdominal x-ray |
|
Definition
| colorectal cancer (usually left-sided) |
|
|
Term
| azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts |
|
Definition
| Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); resistant Streptococus agalactiae (group B) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anklyosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27) |
|
|
Term
| basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs |
|
Definition
| Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or non-functional spleen) |
|
|
Term
| basophilic stippling of RBCs |
|
Definition
| lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "boot-shaped" heart on x-ray |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bronchogenic apical lung tumor |
|
Definition
| Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to: hyperparathyroidism, osteitis fibrosa cystica |
|
|
Term
| cardiomegaly with apical atrophy |
|
Definition
| Chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi) |
|
|
Term
| cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule |
|
Definition
| rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
| "chocolate cyst" of ovary |
|
Definition
| endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries) |
|
|
Term
| circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils |
|
Definition
| Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma) |
|
|
Term
| colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs |
|
Definition
| cystic fibrosis (AR mutation to CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs) |
|
|
Term
| decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum |
|
Definition
| Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality |
|
|
Term
| degeneration of dorsal column nerves |
|
Definition
| tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis) |
|
|
Term
| depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra |
|
Definition
| Parkinson's disease *basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia) |
|
|
Term
| desquamated epithelium casts in sputum |
|
Definition
| Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs) |
|
|
Term
| disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid |
|
Definition
| Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary) |
|
|
Term
| dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia |
|
Definition
| koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer) |
|
|
Term
| enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies |
|
Definition
| "owl's-eye" appearance of CMV |
|
|
Term
| enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei |
|
Definition
| "Orphan Annie" eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid) |
|
|
Term
| eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell |
|
Definition
| Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease) |
|
|
Term
| eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell |
|
Definition
| Lewy body (Parkinson's disease) |
|
|
Term
| eosinophilic globule in liver |
|
Definition
| councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever) |
|
|
Term
| eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells |
|
Definition
| rabies virus (Lyssavirus) |
|
|
Term
| extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain |
|
Definition
| senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease) |
|
|
Term
| giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's-eye") |
|
Definition
| Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma) |
|
|
Term
| glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells |
|
Definition
| Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor) |
|
|
Term
| "hair-on-end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray |
|
Definition
| beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo) |
|
|
Term
| heart nodules (granulomatous) |
|
Definition
| Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infectious mononucleosis (EBV) |
|
|
Term
| hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions |
|
Definition
| bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify) |
|
Definition
| Ghon complex (primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli) |
|
|
Term
| "honeycomb lung" on x-ray |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hypersegmented neutrophils |
|
Definition
| megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms) |
|
|
Term
| hypochromic, microcytic anemia |
|
Definition
| iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present) |
|
|
Term
| increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum |
|
Definition
| dating error, anencephaly, spina fibida (neural tube defect) |
|
|
Term
| increased uric acid levels |
|
Definition
| gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics |
|
|
Term
| intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies |
|
Definition
| Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV) |
|
|
Term
| iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum |
|
Definition
| ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesthelioma) |
|
|
Term
| large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency |
|
Definition
| Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation) |
|
|
Term
| "lead pipe" appearance of colon on x-ray |
|
Definition
| ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra) |
|
|
Term
| linear appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) |
|
|
Term
| "lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence |
|
Definition
| post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b) |
|
|
Term
| lytic ("hole-punched") bone lesions on x-ray |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mammary gland ("blue-domed") cyst |
|
Definition
| fibrocystic change of the breast |
|
|
Term
| monoclonal antibody spike |
|
Definition
1. multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA)
2. monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; normal consequence of aging)
3. Waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
4. primary amyloidosis |
|
|
Term
| monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine |
|
Definition
| Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine]), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia [IgM]) |
|
|
Term
| mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus |
|
Definition
| signet ring (gastric carcinoma) |
|
|
Term
| narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph |
|
Definition
| "string sign" (Chron's disease) |
|
|
Term
| needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals |
|
Definition
| gout (monodosium urate crystals) |
|
|
Term
| nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli |
|
Definition
| Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis; resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
|
|
Term
| "nutmeg" appearance of liver |
|
Definition
| chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure |
|
|
Term
| "onion-skin" periosteal reaction |
|
Definition
| Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae; resistant: Viridans streptococcus |
|
|
Term
| periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area |
|
Definition
| Codman's triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion |
|
Definition
| eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in body sclerosis) |
|
|
Term
| protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau |
|
Definition
| neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's disease) and Pick bodies (Pick's disease) |
|
|
Term
| pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells |
|
Definition
| Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor) |
|
|
Term
| renal epithelial casts in urine |
|
Definition
| acute toxic/viral nephrosis |
|
|
Term
| rhomboid crystals, positively birefingent |
|
Definition
| pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky" appearance on histology) |
|
Definition
| Burkitt's lymphoma(t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; back sky" made up of malignant cells) |
|
|
Term
| silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons |
|
Definition
| Pick bodies (Pick's disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality) |
|
|
Term
| "soap bubble" in femur of tibia on x-ray |
|
Definition
| giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign) |
|
|
Term
| "spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like subepithelial deposits |
|
Definition
| membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| stacks of red blood cells |
|
Definition
| rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma) |
|
|
Term
| stippled vaginal epithelial cells |
|
Definition
| "clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis) |
|
|
Term
| "tennis-racket"-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells |
|
Definition
| Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma) |
|
|
Term
| thrombi made of white/red layers |
|
Definition
| lines of Zahn (arterial thrombosis, layers of platelets/RBCs) |
|
|
Term
| "thumb sign" on lateral x-ray |
|
Definition
| epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae) |
|
|
Term
| thyroid-like appearance of kidney |
|
Definition
| chronic bacterial pyelonephritis |
|
|
Term
| "tram-track" appearance on LM |
|
Definition
| membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
| triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles |
|
Definition
| fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CLL (almost always B cell; affects the elderly) |
|
|
Term
| "wire loop" glomerular appearance on LM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| xanthochromia (previous subarachnoid hemorrhage) |
|
|
