Term
| Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly |
|
Definition
| Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Familial hypercholesterolemia |
|
|
Term
| Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC |
|
Definition
| Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia) |
|
|
Term
| Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints |
|
Definition
| Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin defect) |
|
|
Term
| Athlete with polycythemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss |
|
Definition
| Pott's disease (vertebral TB) |
|
|
Term
| Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis |
|
Definition
| Sarcoidosis (non-caseating granulomas) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Osteogenesis imperfecta (collagen defect) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Burton's line (lead poisoning) |
|
|
Term
| Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis |
|
Definition
| Paget's disease of bone (increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity) |
|
|
Term
| Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Café-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma), pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Café-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma), bilateral acoustic neuromas |
|
Definition
| Neurofibromatosis type II |
|
|
Term
| Café-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty |
|
Definition
| McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne's) |
|
|
Term
| Cherry-red spot on macula |
|
Definition
| Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion |
|
|
Term
| Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI |
|
Definition
| Dressler's syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 weeks after acute episode) |
|
|
Term
| Child uses arms to stand up from squat |
|
Definition
| Gower's sign (Duchenne MD, X-linked recessive deleted dystrophin gene) |
|
|
Term
| Child with fever develops red rash on face that spreads to body, "slapped cheeks" |
|
Definition
| erythema infectiosum, fifth disease/parvovirus B19 |
|
|
Term
| Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration |
|
Definition
| Huntington's disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion) |
|
|
Term
| Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps |
|
Definition
| McArdle's disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia |
|
Definition
| Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral→multiple sclerosis, unilateral→stroke) |
|
|
Term
| Continuous "machinery" heart murmur |
|
Definition
| PDA (close with indomethacin; open with misoprostol) |
|
|
Term
| Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition |
|
Definition
| Myxedema (hypothyroidism and Graves) |
|
|
Term
| Dark purple skin/mouth nodules |
|
Definition
| Kaposi's sarcoma (HHV-8 associated) |
|
|
Term
| Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea |
|
Definition
| Pellagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy |
|
Definition
| Wet beriberi (thiamine [vitamin B1] deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| Dog or cat bite resulting in infection |
|
Definition
| Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at innoculation site) |
|
|
Term
| Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis |
|
Definition
| Sjögren's syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands) |
|
|
Term
| Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia |
|
Definition
| Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma) |
|
|
Term
| Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints |
|
Definition
| Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (collagen defect, usually type III) |
|
|
Term
| Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node |
|
Definition
| Virchow's node (abdominal metastasis) |
|
|
Term
| Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells |
|
Definition
| Sézary syndrome (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungoides |
|
|
Term
| Facial muscle spasm upon tapping |
|
Definition
| Chvostek's sign (hypocalcemia) |
|
|
Term
| Fat, female, forty, and fertile |
|
Definition
| Acute cholecystitis (bile duct blockage) |
|
|
Term
| Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis |
|
Definition
| Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release) |
|
|
Term
| Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fever, night sweats, weight loss |
|
Definition
| B symptoms (lymphoma) or TB |
|
|
Term
| Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis |
|
Definition
| Peyronie's disease (connective tissue disorder) |
|
|
Term
| Gout, mental retardation, self-mutilating behavior in a boy |
|
Definition
| Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive) |
|
|
Term
| Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea |
|
Definition
| Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson's disease) |
|
|
Term
| Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands |
|
Definition
| Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (genetic benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; increase cancer risk) |
|
|
Term
| Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms |
|
Definition
| Gaucher's disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts |
|
Definition
| Alport's syndrome (type IV collagen mutation) |
|
|
Term
| Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis) |
|
Definition
| Trousseau's sign (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung) |
|
|
Term
| Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility |
|
Definition
| Klüver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion) |
|
|
Term
| Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis |
|
Definition
| Conn's syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism) |
|
|
Term
| Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia |
|
Definition
| "Blue bloater" (chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells) |
|
|
Term
| Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion; nonpainful |
|
Definition
| chancre of primary syphilis (Treponema pallidum) |
|
|
Term
| Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion; painful, with exudate |
|
Definition
| Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi) |
|
|
Term
| Infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegeneration |
|
Definition
| Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| Infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly |
|
Definition
| Cori's disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, structural heart defect |
|
Definition
| Edwards' syndrome (trisomy 18) |
|
|
Term
| Jaundice, RUQ pain, fever |
|
Definition
| Charcot's triad 2 (ascending cholangitis) |
|
|
Term
| Keratin pearls on skin biopsy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Large rash with bull's-eye appearance |
|
Definition
Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia) |
|
|
Term
| Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury |
|
Definition
| Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture) |
|
|
Term
| Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells |
|
Definition
| Bruton's disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia) |
|
|
Term
| Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time |
|
Definition
| Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa) |
|
|
Term
| Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth |
|
Definition
| Gardner's syndrome (subtype of FAP) |
|
|
Term
| Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis |
|
Definition
| Wegener's (c-ANCA positive) and Goodpasture's (anti-basement membrane antibodies) |
|
|
Term
| Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth |
|
Definition
| Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury: "waiter's tip") |
|
|
Term
| No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance |
|
Definition
| Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary infarction) |
|
|
Term
| Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oscillating slow/fast breathing |
|
Definition
| Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or increased intracranial pressure) |
|
|
Term
| Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia |
|
Definition
| Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis) |
|
|
Term
| Painful, pale, cold fingers/toes |
|
Definition
| Raynaud's syndrome (vasospasm in extremities) |
|
|
Term
| Painful, raised red lesions on palms and soles |
|
Definition
| Osler's node (infective endocarditis) |
|
|
Term
| Painless, erythematous lesions on palms and soles |
|
Definition
| Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct |
|
|
Term
| Palpable purpura, joint pain, abdominal pain (child) |
|
Definition
| Henoch-Schönlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys) |
|
|
Term
| Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors |
|
Definition
| Wermer's syndrome (MEN I) |
|
|
Term
| Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation |
|
Definition
| "Pink puffer" (emphysema: centroacinar [smoking], panacinar [α1-antitrypsin deficiency]) |
|
|
Term
| Polyuria, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances |
|
Definition
| Fanconi's syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect) |
|
|
Term
| Positive anterior "drawer sign" |
|
Definition
| Anterior cruciate ligament injury |
|
|
Term
| Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis |
|
Definition
| Horner's syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion) |
|
|
Term
| Pupil accomodates but doesn't react |
|
Definition
| Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis) |
|
|
Term
| Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends (following GI/upper respiratory infection) |
|
Definition
| Guillain-Barré syndrome (autoimmune acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE |
|
Definition
| Job's syndrome (hyper-IgE syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality) |
|
|
Term
| Red "currant jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patient |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola |
|
Definition
| Paget's disease of breast (underlying neoplasm) |
|
|
Term
| Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs |
|
Definition
| Paroxysmal noctural hemoglobinuria |
|
|
Term
| Renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma |
|
Definition
| von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation) |
|
|
Term
| Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability |
|
Definition
| Parkinson's disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion) |
|
|
Term
| Restrictive cardiomyopathy (juvenile form: cardiomegaly), exercise intolerance |
|
Definition
| Pompe's disease (lysosomal glucosidase deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers |
|
Definition
| Roth's spots (bacterial endocarditis) |
|
|
Term
| Severe jaundice in neonate |
|
Definition
| Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia) |
|
|
Term
| Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness |
|
Definition
| McBurney's sign (appendicitis) |
|
|
Term
| Short stature, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia |
|
Definition
| Fanconi's anemia (genetically inherited; often progresses to AML) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Simian crease (Down syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis |
|
Definition
| Kartagener's syndrome (dynein defect affecting cilia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Addison's disease (primary adrenocortical insufficiency of autoimmune or infectious etiology) |
|
|
Term
| Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys |
|
Definition
| Becker's muscular dystrophy (X-linked, defective dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne) |
|
|
Term
| Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Smooth, flat, moist white lesions on genitals |
|
Definition
| Condylomata lata (secondary syphilis) |
|
|
Term
| Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sudden, swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi |
|
Definition
| Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia) |
|
|
Term
| Swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin |
|
Definition
| Skurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis) |
|
|
Term
| Swollen, hard, painful finger joints |
|
Definition
| Osteroarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard's nodes], DIP [Heberdon's nodes]) |
|
|
Term
| Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma |
|
Definition
| Sipple's syndrome (MEN IIa) |
|
|
Term
| Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape |
|
Definition
| Babinski's sign (UMN lesion) |
|
|
Term
| Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead |
|
Definition
| Bell's palsy (LMN CN VII palsy) |
|
|
Term
| Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male |
|
Definition
| Reiter's syndrome (reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27) |
|
|
Term
| Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain) |
|
Definition
| Hemangioma (benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| Vasculitis from exposure to endotoxin causing glomerular thrombosis |
|
Definition
| Shwartzman reaction (following second exposure to endotoxin) |
|
|
Term
| Vomiting blood following esophagogastric lacerations |
|
Definition
| Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients) |
|
|
Term
| Waxy casts with very low urine flow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy |
|
Definition
| Whipple's disease (Topheryma whippelii) |
|
|
Term
| "Worst headache of my life" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-desmoglein (epithelial) antibodies |
|
Definition
| Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering) |
|
|
Term
| Anti-glomerular basement membrane Abs |
|
Definition
| Goodpasture-s syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Primary biliary cirrhosis |
|
|
Term
| Female, cholestasis, portal hypertension, pruritis |
|
Definition
| Primary biliary cirrhosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome |
|
|
Term
| ANAs (anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA) |
|
Definition
| SLE (type III hypersensitivity) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (bleeding diathesis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diffuse systemic scleroderma |
|
|
Term
| Anti-transglutaminase/antigliadin/anti-endomysial Abs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diarrhea, distention, weight loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts |
|
Definition
| Auer rods (AML, especially promyelocytic type) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27) |
|
|
Term
| Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs |
|
Definition
| Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen) |
|
|
Term
| Basophilic stippling of RBCs |
|
Definition
| Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Boot-shaped heart on x-ray |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchogenic apical lung tumor |
|
Definition
| Pancoast tumor (can present as Horner's syndrome) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hyperPTH, osteitis fibrosa cystica |
|
|
Term
| Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy |
|
Definition
| Chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi) |
|
|
Term
| Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries) |
|
|
Term
| Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils |
|
Definition
| Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma) |
|
|
Term
| Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs |
|
Definition
| Cystic fibrosis (CFTR mutation in Caucasians resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs) |
|
|
Term
| Degeneration of dorsal column nerves |
|
Definition
| Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis) |
|
|
Term
| Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum |
|
Definition
| Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs) |
|
|
Term
| Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid |
|
Definition
| Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of ovary) |
|
|
Term
| Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia |
|
Definition
| Koilocytes (HPV; predisposes to cervical cancer) |
|
|
Term
| Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies |
|
Definition
| "Owl's-eye" appearance of CMV |
|
|
Term
| Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei |
|
Definition
| "Orphan Annie" eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of thyroid) |
|
|
Term
| Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell |
|
Definition
| Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease) |
|
|
Term
| Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eosinophilic globule in liver |
|
Definition
| Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever) |
|
|
Term
| Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells |
|
Definition
| Rabies virus (Lyssavirus) |
|
|
Term
| Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain |
|
Definition
| Senile plaques (Alzheimer's) |
|
|
Term
| Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl-eye") |
|
Definition
| Reed-Sternburg cells of Hodgkin's lymphoma |
|
|
Term
| Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells |
|
Definition
| Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor) |
|
|
Term
| "Hair-on-end" appearance on x-ray |
|
Definition
| Beta thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (extramedullary hematopoiesis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo) |
|
|
Term
| Heart nodules (inflammatory) |
|
Definition
| Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hexagonal, double-pointed, neddle-like crystals in bronchial secretions |
|
Definition
| Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify) |
|
Definition
| Ghon complex (Primary TB) |
|
|
Term
| "Honeycomb lung" on x-ray |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hypersegmented neutrophils |
|
Definition
| Megaloblastic anemia (B12, folate deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| Hypochromic, microcytic anemia |
|
Definition
| Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present) |
|
|
Term
| Increased α-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum |
|
Definition
| Anencephaly, spina bifida (NTDs) |
|
|
Term
| Increased uric acid levels |
|
Definition
| Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics |
|
|
Term
| Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies |
|
Definition
| Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or yellow fever) |
|
|
Term
| Iron containing nodules in alveolar septum |
|
Definition
| Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) |
|
|
Term
| Lumpy-bumpy appearance of glomeruli on IF |
|
Definition
| Poststrep GN (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b) |
|
|
Term
| Lytic bone lesions on x-ray |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mammary gland ("blue-domed") cyst |
|
Definition
| Fibrocystic change of the breast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA)
2. MGUS (normal consequence of aging)
3. Waldenstrom's (IgM) macroglobulinemia
4. Primary amyloidosis |
|
|
Term
| Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine |
|
Definition
| Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda light chains in urine]), waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM) |
|
|
Term
| Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus |
|
Definition
| Signet ring (gastric carcinoma) |
|
|
Term
| Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph |
|
Definition
| "String sign" (Crohn's disease) |
|
|
Term
| Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli |
|
Definition
| Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy) |
|
|
Term
| Nutmeg appearance of liver |
|
Definition
| Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure |
|
|
Term
| Onion-skin periosteal reaction |
|
Definition
| Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor) |
|
|
Term
| Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area |
|
Definition
| Codman's triangle (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| Polished, ivory-like appearance of bone at cartilage erosion |
|
Definition
| Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis) |
|
|
Term
| Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau |
|
Definition
| Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's and CJD) |
|
|
Term
| Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells |
|
Definition
| Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor) |
|
|
Term
| Renal epithelial casts in urine |
|
Definition
| Acute toxic/viral nephrosis |
|
|
Term
| Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent |
|
Definition
| Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky" on histology) |
|
Definition
| Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14], c-myc activation, associated with EBV) |
|
|
Term
| Silver staining sperical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons |
|
Definition
| Pick bodies (Pick's disease: progressive dementia, similar to Alzheimer's) |
|
|
Term
| Soap bubble in femur or tibia on x-ray |
|
Definition
| Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign) |
|
|
Term
| Spikes on basement membrane, "dome-like" endothelial deposits |
|
Definition
| Membranous glomerulonephritis (nephrotic syndrome) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma) |
|
|
Term
| Stippled vaginal epithelial cells |
|
Definition
| Clue cells (Gardnerella vaginalis) |
|
|
Term
| Tennis-racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles in Langerhans cells |
|
Definition
| Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma) |
|
|
Term
| Thrombi made of white/red layers |
|
Definition
| Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs) |
|
|
Term
| Thumb sign on lateral x-ray |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thyroid-like appearance of kidney |
|
Definition
| Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis |
|
|
Term
| Tram track appearance on LM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles |
|
Definition
| Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CLL (almost always B cell, affects elderly) |
|
|
Term
| Wire loop glomerular appearance on LM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Actinic (solar) keratoses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury |
|
Definition
| Cushing's ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion) |
|
|
Term
| Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns |
|
Definition
| Curling's ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa) |
|
|
Term
| Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon |
|
Definition
| Skip lesions (Crohn's disease) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aortic aneurysm, ascending |
|
Definition
| Tertiary syphilis, Marfan's |
|
|
Term
| Atrophy of mammillary bodies |
|
Definition
| Wernicke's encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion) |
|
|
Term
| Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacteria associated with stomach cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids) |
|
Definition
| GBS (newborns) and Strep pneumo/N. meningitidis (kids) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spitz nevus (most common in first two decades) |
|
|
Term
| Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency |
|
Definition
| Bernard-Soulier disease (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand's factor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Supratentorial: (from most to least common) mets, astrocytoma (includes glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (1 in 9 US women develop breast cancer) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. Fibrocystic change 2. Carcinoma (in postmenopausal women) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cardiac manifestation of lupus |
|
Definition
| Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting mitral) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. Mets 2. primary myxoma (left atrium, "ball and valve") |
|
|
Term
| Cerebellar tonsillar herniation |
|
Definition
| Chiari malformation (presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A fib (high risk of emboli, stroke) |
|
|
Term
| Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune) |
|
Definition
| Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia) |
|
|
Term
| Clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension |
|
Definition
| 21-hydroxylase deficiency |
|
|
Term
| Congenital cardiac anomaly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver) |
|
Definition
| Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile) |
|
|
Term
| Constrictive pericarditis in developing world |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| COronary artery involved in thrombosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. Corticosteroid tx 2. Excess ACTH by pituitary |
|
|
Term
| Cyanosis (early; less common) |
|
Definition
| Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great vessels, truncus arteriosis |
|
|
Term
| Cyanosis (late; more common) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. Alzheimer's 2. Multiple infarcts |
|
|
Term
| Demyelinating disease in young women |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gram-negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn, trauma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Zenker's diverticulum (dx by barium swallow) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| SCC (worldwide), adenocarcinoma (US) |
|
|
Term
| Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glomerulonephritis (adults) |
|
Definition
| Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis |
|
Definition
| Mitral (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IVDA), aortic (2nd in rheumatic fever) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Enterobius vermicularis
2. Ascaris lumbricoides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Middle meningeal artery (crescent shape) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bridging veins (trauma; lentiform shaped) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Multiple blood transfusions or HFE mutation (can result in CHF, bronze diabetes, and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cirrhosis (assoc. HBV and HCV) |
|
|
Term
| Hereditary bleeding disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hereditary harmless jaundice |
|
Definition
| Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation |
|
|
Term
| Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis |
|
Definition
| Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pituitary adenoma (usually benign) |
|
|
Term
| Infection secondary to blood transfusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Calcium - radiopaque
2. Struvite (ammonium) - radiopaque (formed by urease-positive orgs like Proteus or Staph)
3. Uric acid - radiolucent |
|
|
Term
| Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L to R becomes R to L) |
|
Definition
| Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary HTN/polycythemia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lysosomal storage disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell), GI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, lung |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mixed motor neuron diseaes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. ALL
2. Cerebellar medulloblastoma |
|
|
Term
| Nephrotic syndrome (adults) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nephrotic syndrome (kids) |
|
Definition
| Minimal change disease (tx with corticosteroids) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas |
|
|
Term
| Obstruction of male urinary tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Opportunistic infection in AIDS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ovarian mets from gastric or breast cancer |
|
Definition
| Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ovarian tumor (malignant) |
|
Definition
| serous cystadenocarcinoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML |
|
Definition
| ALL: kid, CLL: adult>60, AML: adult>60, CML: adult 35-50 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| N. gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis) |
|
|
Term
| Philadephia chromosome t(9:22) (bcr-abl) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Prolactinoma
2. Somatotropic acidophilic adenoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary bone tumor (adults) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary hyperaldosteronism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. adenoma
2. hyperplasia
3. carcinoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HCC (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities |
|
Definition
| Buerger's disease (smoking) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and adult polycystic kidney disease; paraneoplastic sydromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH) |
|
|
Term
| Right heart failure due to pulmonary causes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| S3 (protodiastolic gallop) |
|
Definition
| increased ventricular filling (L to R shunt, mitral regurg, LV failure [CHF]) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small cell carcinoma of lung |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels |
|
Definition
| Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Philadelphia chromosome (CML) (bcr-abl hybrid) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood) |
|
|
Term
| Tumor of adrenal medulla (adults) |
|
Definition
| Pheochromocytoma (usually benign) |
|
|
Term
| Tumor of adrenal medulla (kids) |
|
Definition
| Neuroblastoma (malignant) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| E. coli, Staph saprophyticus |
|
|
Term
| Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
