Term
|
Definition
| Most common cause of hypothyroidism |
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Term
|
Definition
Thyroid with lymphocytic infiltrate with germinal centers
Antimicrosomal and antithyroblobulin antibodies |
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Term
|
Definition
| Associated with HLA-DR5 and Hurthle cells on histology |
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Term
| HURTHLE CELLS seen in Hashimoto's thyroiditis |
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Definition
| Enlarged epithelial cells with granular eosinophilic cytoplasm |
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Term
|
Definition
| Increased incidence of B-cell malignant lymphoma of thyroid |
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Term
|
Definition
| Due to severe fetal hypothyroidism |
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Term
|
Definition
| Occurs wherever endemic goiter is prevalent (lack of dietary iodine) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Sporadic form caused by defect in T4 formation or developmental failure in thyroid formation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pot-bellied, pale, puffy-faced child with protruding umbilicus and protuberant tongue, mentally retarded, short stature |
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Term
| SUBACUTE THYROIDITIS de Quervain's |
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Definition
| Very tender thyroid gland |
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Term
| SUBACUTE THYROIDITIS de Quervain's |
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Definition
Elevated ESR, jaw pain, early inflammation
Granulomatous inflammation of thyroid |
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Term
| SUBACUTE THYROIDITIS de Quervain's |
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Definition
| Self-limited hypothyroidism often following flulike illness (e.g., viral infection with Coxsackievirus, mumps) |
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Term
| HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS and SUBACUTE THYROIDITIS (de Quervain's) |
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Definition
| May be hyperthryoid early in course |
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Term
|
Definition
Thyroid replaced by fibrous tissue (hypothyroid)
Infiltrate of macrophages and neutrophils |
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Term
|
Definition
| Presents with fixed, hard (rock-like), and painless goiter |
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Term
|
Definition
| Autoimmune hyperthyroidism |
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Term
|
Definition
| Thyroid-stimulating/TSH receptor antibodies |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ophthalmopathy, pretibial myxedema, diffuse goiter |
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Term
|
Definition
Often presents durign stress (e.g., childbirth)
Type II hypersensitivity
Associated with HLA-B8 and Dr3 |
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Term
|
Definition
Stress-induced catecholamine surge leading to death by arrhythmia
Serious complication of hyperthyroid disorders |
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Term
| Beta-blocker (e.g., propanolol) |
|
Definition
| Treatment for thyroid storm |
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Term
| TOXIC MULTINODULAR GOITER |
|
Definition
| Focal patches of hyperfunctioning follicular cells working independently of TSH due to mutation of TSH receptor |
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Term
| TOXIC MULTINODULAR GOITER |
|
Definition
Non-malignant thyroid nodules
Increased release of T3 and T4 |
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Term
|
Definition
| Hyperthyroidism with palpation of a single thyroid nodule |
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Term
|
Definition
| Thyrotoxicosis if a patient with iodine deficiency goiter is made iodine replete |
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Term
|
Definition
| Hyperthyroidism following a recent study using IV contrast dye (iodine) |
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Term
| PAPILLARY CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID |
|
Definition
Most common thyroid cancer
Excellent prognosis |
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Term
| ORPHAN ANNIE nuclei seen in PAPILLARY CARCINOMA |
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Definition
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Term
| PAPILLARY CARCINOMA OF THYROID |
|
Definition
| Psammoma bodies, nuclear grooves, Orphan Annie nuclei |
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Term
| PAPILLARY CARCINOMA OF THYROID |
|
Definition
| Increased risk in pts who received radiation in childhood |
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Term
| FOLLICULAR CARCIONOMA OF THYROID |
|
Definition
| Thyroid cancer commonly associated with either a RAS mutation or a PAX8-PPAR gamma 1 rearrangement |
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Term
| FOLLICULAR CARCINOMA OF THYROID |
|
Definition
| Second most common type of thyroid cancer |
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Term
| FOLLICULAR CARCINOMA OF THYROID |
|
Definition
| Thyroid cancer with good prognosis, uniform follicles |
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Term
| MEDULLARY CARCINOMA OF THYROID |
|
Definition
| Cancer arising from parafollicular C cells |
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Term
| MEDULLARY CARCINOMA OF THYROID |
|
Definition
| Thyroid cancer that produces calcitonin |
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Term
| MEDULLARY CARCINOMA OF THYROID |
|
Definition
| Thyroid cancer associated with MEN types 2A and 2B |
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Term
| MEDULLARY CARCINOMA OF THYROID |
|
Definition
| Thyroid cancer: sheets of cells in amyloid stroma |
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Term
| MEDULLARY CARCINOMA OF THYROID |
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Definition
| Thyroid cancer commonly associated with rearrangements in RET oncogene or NTRK1 |
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Term
| PAPILLARY CARCINOMA OF THYROID |
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Definition
| Thyroid cancer: most common mutation in the BRAF gene (serine/threonine kinase) |
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Term
| PAPILLARY and MEDULLARY THYROID CARCINOMAS |
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Definition
| Thyroid cancer arising from activating mutations of receptor tyrosine kinases |
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Term
| UNDIFFERENTIATED/ANAPLASTIC THYROID CANCER |
|
Definition
| Thyroid cancer occurring in older patients with very poor prognosis |
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Term
|
Definition
| Embryologic origin of adrenal cortex |
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Term
|
Definition
| Embryologic origin of adrenal medulla |
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Term
|
Definition
| #1 cause of Cushing's syndrome |
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Term
| SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER, BRONCHIAL CARCINOIDS |
|
Definition
| Sources of ectopic ACTH leading to Cushing's syndrome |
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Term
|
Definition
| Most common tumor of adrenal medulla in adults |
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Term
|
Definition
| Most tumors secrete epinephrine, NE, and dopamine, causing episodic hypertension |
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Term
|
Definition
| Elevation of urinary VMA (breakdown product of NE) and plasma catecholamines |
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Term
|
Definition
| Associated with neurofibromatosis, MEN types 2A and 2B |
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Term
|
Definition
| Enzyme that converts NE to epinephrine |
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Term
PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA
(Rule of 10s) |
|
Definition
10% malignant
10% bilateral
10% extra-adrenal
10% calcify
10% kids
10% familial |
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Term
|
Definition
Episodic hyperadrenergic symptoms (5 Ps):
Pressure
Pain (headache)
Perspiration
Palpitations (tachycardia)
Pallor
Ileus (catecholamines inhibit peristalsis) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Most common tumor of adrenal medulla in children |
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Term
|
Definition
HVA (breakdown product of dopamine) in urine
Less likely to develop hypertension
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Term
|
Definition
Bombesin tumor marker
Homer Wright rosettes
Neurosecretory granules on EM
N-myc oncogene |
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Term
Brain
RBCs
Intestine
Cornea
Kidney
Liver |
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Definition
| BRICK L, organs that do not need insulin for glucose uptake |
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Term
|
Definition
| Organs with GLUT-1 receptors |
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Term
| Beta-islet cells, liver, kidney |
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Definition
| Organs with GLUT-2 receptors |
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Term
| ADIPOSE TISSUE AND SKELETAL MUSCLE |
|
Definition
| Organs with GLUT-4 receptors |
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Term
|
Definition
| Insulin responsive GLUT receptor |
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Term
| ACE INHIBITORS AND ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKERS |
|
Definition
| Agents used to slow/lessen progression of proteinuria in DM |
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Term
| INFECTIONS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS |
|
Definition
UTIs
Candida > vulvovaginitis
Psudomonas aeruginosa > malignant external otitis
Rhinocerebral mucormycosis
Stap aureus abscesses > cutaneous
Klebsiella pneumonia > pneumonia |
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|
Term
CARCINOID SYNDROME
(serotonin-secreting tumor) |
|
Definition
Presents with recurrent diarrhea, cutaneous flushing, asthmatic wheezing, right-sided valvular disease
(BFDR) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Most common tumor of appendix |
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Term
|
Definition
| Tumor derived from neuroendocrine cells of GI tract |
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Term
|
Definition
| Treatment of carcinoid syndrome |
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Term
| Ectopic ADH (small cell lung cancer), CNS disorders/nead trauma, pulmonary disease, drugs (e.g., cyclophosphamide) |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Excessive water retention, hyponatremia, urine osmolarity>serum osmolarity
Very low serum sodium levels can lead to seizures |
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