Term
| Minimal equipment carried by entry team |
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Definition
| portable radio, hand light, pike pole, forcible entry tools |
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Term
| First places to extinguish fires |
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Definition
| fires showing corners, exterior overhangs, or around entry or egress |
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Term
| Agent most often used to extinguish structure fires |
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Definition
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Term
| When to use booster lines |
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Definition
| overhaul for small nuisance fires (smoldering in leaf litter, trash cans) |
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Term
| Smallest handline allowed in interior firefighting |
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Definition
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Term
| 1 1/2 inch hose line gpm, reach and persons |
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Definition
| 40-125 gpm, 25-50 ft, 1-2 people |
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Term
| 1 3/4 inch hose line gpm, reach and persons |
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Definition
| 40-175 gpm, 25-50 ft, 2 people |
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Term
| 2 inch hose line gpm, reach and persons |
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Definition
| 100-250 gpm, 40-70 ft, 2-3 people |
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Term
| 2 1/2 inch hose line gpm, reach and persons |
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Definition
| 125-350 gpm, 50-100 ft, 2-4 people |
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Term
| Master stream gpm, reach and persons |
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Definition
| 350-2,000 gpm, 100-200 ft, 1 person |
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Term
| Before entering a burning building... |
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Definition
| every member of the crew should conduct a quick size-up and maintain a high level of situational awareness. |
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Term
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Definition
not a fire extinquishment method but a way or reducing the hazard of the hot gas layer; effective when faced with shielded fire and cannot attack the material without moving into the room
Short pulses of water fog (40-60 degree) upward into the gas layer |
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Term
| When water droplets fall during gas cooling... |
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Definition
| gases have been cooled, gas cooling can stop |
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Term
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Definition
straight or solid stream right onto the burning materials
can be done in 'penciling' or 'painting'
water should NOT be applied long enough to upset thermal layering and produce steam (then smoke will drop rapidly and move sluggishly when steam condenses) |
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Term
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Definition
attack through a window or small opening, usually during defensive operations
fire streams directed towards the ceiling, steam fills the compartment and absorbs the heat; after ventilation, hoselines can advance |
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Term
| Difference between direct and indirect attack |
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Definition
| Direct is started inside the compartment, indirect is started outside |
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Term
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Definition
cooling the hot gas layer, and then attacking the materials on the floor
penciling up into the ceiling level, then painting the combustibles |
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Term
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Definition
| does not extinguish the fire and may produce unnecessary water damage |
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Term
| Main uses for master streams |
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Definition
| direct fire attack, backup handlines already attacking from the exterior, exposure protection |
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Term
| Master stream angle alignment |
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Definition
aim the stream so that it enters the structure at an upward angle, hits the ceiling, and breaks up into smaller particles to rain down on the fire
should also be where it can cover the most surface area if the direction needs to be changed (multiple openings) |
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Term
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Definition
must be at least two 2 1/2 inch hoselines, maximum of 100 feet of hose to reduce friction loss
may have to shut down handlines to keep from using up water supply |
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Term
| Stationing master stream devices |
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Definition
| minimum of two firefighters to deploy; one must stay with the master stream (unless too hazardous) |
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Term
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Definition
aerial apparatus with a pump; ladders range from 50-75 ft
waterways are preplumbed to their pumps, so the only external support needed is water supply
main ladder can also be used for rescues |
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Term
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Definition
apparatus with an extension ladder, 50-135 feet; newer ones have built-in waterways, but older ones must have a ladder pipe attached first
master stream can be operated by firefighters on the ground or at the ladder tip
can also be used for rescues |
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Term
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Definition
| aerial ladders with an attached platform |
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Term
| Articulating aerial platform |
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Definition
platform attached to the end of a hinged boom, NOT a ladder
range from 55-85 ft, built-in waterway
may still have a narrow escape ladder |
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Term
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Definition
engines with booms that are dedicated to applying water
range from 50-130 feet
NOT designed for rescue |
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Term
| Electrical power for an ENTIRE building should be turned off... |
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Definition
| ONLY WHEN ORDERED TO DO SO |
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Term
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Definition
| put over the main power switch to a building if it has to be turned off; if no device is available, a firefighter with a radio should be assigned to tend to it |
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Term
| Agent on computer equipment |
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Definition
clean extinguishing agents
dry-chemical multipurpose can be used, but my by chemically reactive with electrical components
if water MUST be used, apply from a distance in a fog stream |
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Term
| Electrical power lines down |
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Definition
| whether or not a fire is started, an area equal to one span between poles should be cordoned off around the break; if a fire does start, firefighters should wait for the fire to burn away a distance equal to one span before extinquishing |
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Term
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Definition
coolant liquids may contain PCBs, these are flammable and carcinogenic
use a dry chemical to extinguish transformers at the ground level; at pole-level, allow fire to burn until utility personnel can extinguish with a dry-chemical from an aerial device |
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Term
| Underground transmission lines |
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Definition
consists of conduits and vaults below grade; can present explosions cased by fuses blowing or short-circuiting arcs, enough to blow off the caps
keep the public back one block (300 ft) from the site, make sure appartus is not positioned over the cover
firefighters should not enter one except to attempt rescue; C02 or dry chemical can be sprayed inside and cover replaced; water not recommended |
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Term
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Definition
current is in excess of 600 volts; water should NOT be used, and toxic smoke is an additional hazard
firefighters should only enter if rescue operations require it, and hold onto a tag line
should search with a clenched fist or back of hand to prevent reflexive grabbing of equipment if it is touched accidentally
decon for smoke |
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Term
| Removing the electric meter |
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Definition
| NOT recommended, unsafe and does not allways stop flow of electricity |
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Term
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Definition
| electrical hazards with makeshift wiring; volatile chemicals; booby traps |
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Term
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Definition
electrical current passing from a power line through the ground
maintain a large safety zone around downed electrical wires |
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Term
| Combustible metal fire temps |
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Definition
| greater than 2,000 degrees, even when no flames are present and fire appears to be out |
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Term
| Items for the first responding officer to consider |
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Definition
occupants in need of rescue
contents on fire, or is whole structure burning
exposures threatened by fire
sufficient resources on scene or en route |
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Term
| First-due engine company priorities |
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Definition
intervene between trapped occupants and the fire
protect resucers
protect primary egress
protect interior exposures
protect exterior exposures
initiate extinquishment from the other side
operate master streams |
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Term
| First priority of second-due engine company |
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Definition
| ensure adequate water supply to fireground |
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Term
| Priorities of second-due engine company |
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Definition
WATER SUPPLY
Back up initial attack line
Protect secondary egress
Protect fire extension
Protect most threatened exposure
Assist in extinquishment
Assist with fireground support company operations |
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Term
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Definition
Most severely threatened
Largest number threatened
Remainder of fire area
Exposures |
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Term
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Definition
| aggressively attack a fire with an LDH fire stream |
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Term
| Staging in a high-rise building |
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Definition
usually two floors below fire floor
fire attack initiated from floor below fire floor (firefighters look to get a general idea of layout of fire floor
extra hose flaked to the floor above fire floor |
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Term
| Attacking with a cellar nozzle |
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Definition
TIC is used to find seat of fire
hole is cut in floor
cellar nozzle inserted and run
vent basement, nozzle crew can complete extinquishment |
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Term
| Procedures for attacking a fire in an occupied vehicle |
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Definition
Position hoseline between the vehicle and exposures
Attack from a 45 degree hangle to the long axis of the vehicle
Extinquish any fire near the occupents first
Issue 'all clear' when occupants are out of the vehicle
Extinguish any ground fire around or under vehicle
Extinguish any fire remaining in or around vehicle |
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Term
| Fires in vehicle's undercarriage |
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Definition
if there is a hazard in getting close to a vehicle, use a straight stream from a distance to reach under the vehicle
if the vehicle is on a hard surface, direct the stream downward and allow water to deflect up to the underside
open the hood and direct the stream through the engine compartment |
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Term
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Definition
| Disconnect the battery, secure air bags, cool fuel tanks |
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Term
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Definition
used to reduce vehicle emissions, but can act as an ignition source to dry grass or fuels under vehicle
external temp is 1,300 on a tuned vehicle, but can be 2,500 on a poorly tuned vheicle |
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Term
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Definition
Attack with at least 1 1/2 inch hoseline
be wary of toxic fumes
use class A foam |
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Term
| Main influences of wildland fire behavior |
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Definition
Fuel, weather and topography
weather is the most significant |
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Term
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Definition
compass direction a slope faces; determines the effects of solar heating
in North America, full southern exposures receive more direct sunlight and therefore more heat |
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Term
| Standard on Protective Clothing of Wildland Firefighting |
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Definition
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Term
| Equipment of wildland firefighters |
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Definition
| helmet, flame retardant shirt and pants (or jumpsuit), boots without steel toes, gloves, fire shelter; other equipment by agency |
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