Term
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Definition
| strong centralized monarch who has complete control over people and government; no checks and balances |
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| Monarchs are appointed by god and can only be questioned by god |
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| When King Louis XIII came into power, what happened? |
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Definition
| Cardinal Armand Richelieu as advisor, imposed royal authority because Louis XIII was only 9. |
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| What did Cardinal Armand Richelieu do? |
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Definition
| Tried to religiously unite France, build strong colonial empire, gained noble’s loyalty, laid the foundation for Absolutism |
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| How did King Louis XIV centralize all of the power? |
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Definition
| did not appoint a cheif minister, abolished estates general |
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| merchants who were chosen by merit to collect taxes for the king. |
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| What did King Louis XIV use to glorify himself? |
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| What was the Palace of Versailles? |
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Definition
| palace built by King Louis XIV as a permanent residence in 1682. Louis controlled all aspects of the palace- used to keep eye on enemies/nobles. Lavishly decorated, symbol of wealth and power. Palace was Louis’s home, location of central government, also a place to receive subjects. Palace, culture, and manners became cultural standard within Europe. |
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| Who was Ivan IV? What did he do? |
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Definition
| He was the first Russian Czar.He advanced trade, communicated with England, expanded borders, created a strong army. |
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| What happened after Ivan IV died? |
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Definition
| He left no heirs. Therefore the Boyars elected Michael Romanov, new dynasty- Romanov Dynasty ruled 300 years. |
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Definition
After Peter traveled throughout Europe in disguise to learn from European policies, inspected shipyards, docks, military warehouses, Peter used this info to apply to Russia. Desire to modernize/westernize Russia:
Tame the boyars / streltsy
Achieve control of church
Reorganize internal government administration
Develop economy |
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| What was the Table of Ranks? |
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Definition
| noble rank depends on amount of government service |
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| How did Russia westernize? |
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Definition
| women took part in public life, nobles abandoned traditional culture- adapted French fashion / culture |
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| How did Ivan I encourage economic growth? |
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Definition
| developed Iron industry in Ural Mts., taxed, encouraged foreign trade |
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| What did Peter I do in regards to the military? |
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Definition
Wars to establish a warm water port; Great Northern War- Sweden, took territory
Established a port on Baltic Sea- permanent position, influence in European affairs
St. Petersburg: new capital, new city symbolized a modernized Russia |
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| What happened when Peter I died? |
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Definition
| He left no heir. Nobles were left to chose the next czar, led to 30 years of turmoil. Peter I had laid a foundation but failed to secure it. Peter died, leaving no heir, daughter Elizabeth ruled, and her nephew, Peter III marries Catherine II- a German princess |
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Term
| What happened to Peter III? |
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Definition
| He was murdered by the Boyars who supported Catherine II and wanted her to be the Czarina |
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| What does Catherina II do while in power? |
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Definition
| upported arts, literature, science, theatre, Enlightenment ideas, extended serfdom, increased inequalities between Boyars and peasant.Added 200,00 miles to the Russian Empire, Instead of expanding overseas, Russia expanded by land (West Siberia and Alaska). Won war with the Turks, securing 4 warm water ports on the Black Sea. |
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Term
| What was the Partition of Poland? |
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Definition
| As Poland was a weak kingdom, Russia, Austria, Prussia seized territory for themselves, 3 times, by 1795, Poland disappeared from the map |
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| What led to England's Civil War? |
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Definition
| Elizabeth died, ending Tudor Dynasty. James I came into power, starting the Stuart Dynsaty. |
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| What caused tension between James I and parliment? |
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Definition
| The divin right of kings.Authority (Divine Right), Money (Funds), Religion- James’s son marriage with a French Catholic princess |
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Term
| What happened after James I? |
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Definition
| After James I, his son Charles I came into power. He was much worse and only consulted Parliment if he needed money. |
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Term
| What was the Petition of Rights? |
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Definition
| It was what Parliment made Charles ! sign that said King could not jail people without reason, King cannot raise or make new taxes, Cannot quarter soldiers in private homes in a time of peace. |
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| How does the civil war in England start? |
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Definition
| Charles I abolishes parliment and rules for 11 years without it until he needs money for a war with scotland. |
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Definition
| royalists, on the side of Charles I |
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| What happened during the English civil war? |
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| Roundhead leader Oliver Cromwell defeated and executed Charles 1. This was the first time a European leader was killed by the common people. |
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| What did Cromwell do when he came to power? |
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Definition
| he declared England a commonwealth with no king or parliment. He strictly enforced puritan society |
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| What happened after Cromwell died? |
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Definition
| Because people lived in fear/tire of Cromwell, restored Charles II after Cromwell’s death in 1660 |
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Term
| What was Charles II also known as and why? |
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Definition
| The Merry Monarch because he did not rule according to the divine right of kings, he complied with parliment, and he was religiously tolerant, |
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Term
| What happens when Charles II dies? |
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Definition
| James, his brother gets the throne. Parliment does not like this because James is Catholic and therefore invites Mary (Queen of Scotland) and William of Orange to rule in England (1688-1702). Mary is James II’s daughter. |
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Term
| What did the English Bill or Rights do? |
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Definition
Limit monarch power
Issues a Bill of Rights
Creates a constitutional monarchy
England’s current government |
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Term
| How far did the Turkish Dynasty of the Ottoman empire span? |
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Definition
| Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, Southeastern Europe, and Turkey. It conquered the Byzantine Empire and parts of Eastern Europe |
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Term
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Definition
| Shari‘a- Islamic religious law established by sultan |
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Term
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Definition
| the Lawgiver and the Magnificent |
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| What happened during the past suleiman era? |
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Definition
Pol./Milt. - Loss of territory- fighting with Safavids, Habsburgs and Russians
Economic- difficult to support, too many imports, population growth
Culture- multi-ethnic and multi-religious empire increasing tension b/t Muslim and non-Muslims
Never gained influence and power in western Europe again “Sick Man in Europe” |
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Term
| What was the safavid empire? |
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Definition
| Ruling dynasty of Iran- Shi’ites- spread Shi’a Islam |
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Term
| How did the Safavid empire decline? |
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Definition
Pressure from Ottomans
Wealth in center of empire, poor outer regions
Power and bigotry of rising Ulama- elevated their status above rulers, encouraged religious persecution to minorities, and hated Sunnis. |
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