Term
|
Definition
| earth between moon and sun |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| moon is between earth and sun |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| because of same angular distance of 0.5 degrees |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| b/c moon's orbit is tilted and shadows miss each other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| as earth catches up to the orbital motion of another planet, that planet seems to move backwards through the sky |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| planets have elliptical orbits around sun |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
how stretched out an ellipse is
the higher (closer to 1), the flatter the ellipse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| planets move faster when near the sun and slower when farther from the sun |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
P^2=a^3
P- period a- orbit size |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| body at motion tends to stay in motion unless forces acting on it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for ever action there is an equal and opposite reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if something travels at exactly the escape velocity, it leaves in a ______ trajectory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if something travels at more than the escape velocity, it leaves in a _______ trajectory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the color of light is determined by its ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the higher/lower the frequency, the higher/lower the energy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
exist only at very particular energies
ex: electron orbits and photons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
electron moves to a lower orbital
specific amount of energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| number of protons in a nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if photon of exactly right amount of energy strikes an electron, that electron will absorb the photon and move to the next higher orbital |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| electron gains enough energy to leave the atom entirely |
|
|
Term
| if atom drops from one orbital to the next lower one, it must first... |
|
Definition
| ...emit a photon with the same amount of energy as the orbital energy difference |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distance between two crests |
|
|
Term
| long/short wavelength light has a high/low frequency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| long wavelength photons carry less/more energy than short wavelength ones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
radiowaves
microwaves
infared
visible
ultraviolet
x-rays
gamma rays |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| body that absorbs all photons and emits energy of all wavelengths |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the hotter a body is, the more strongly it will emit at shorter wavelengths |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the luminosity of a hot body rises rapidly with temperature |
|
|
Term
| when an electron moves from one level to another, it must absorb or emit an amount of energy equal to the _____ between the energy levels it enters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if object is moving away from you, the light will be ____-shifted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| red-shifts have____ wavelengths |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blue-shifts have _____ wavelengths |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| matter contracted while it was moving, reducing its length in the direction of motion |
|
|
Term
| at slow speeds, the effect of the lorentz factor is ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| red-shirts have ____ frequencies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blue-shifts have _____ frequencies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
wein's law
shorter wavelengths= ______ body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
wein's law
longer wavelengths= _______ body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
wein's law
hotter body= _____ wavelengths |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
wein's law
cooler body= _____ wavelengths |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| moves through earth's atmosphere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| planet's mass and radius affect its |
|
Definition
| interior temperature and tectonic activity |
|
|
Term
| low mass, small radius planets cool ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
corona- sun's outer atmosphere
chromosphere- sun's lower atmosphere
photosphere- sun's visible surface
convection zone
radioactive zone
core |
|
|
Term
| in sun, gravity pulls ____, pressure pushes ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the outward pressure force must balance the inward gravitational force of every distance from the center of the sun |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regions of low magnetic field in sun |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| merging of hydrogen nuclei into helium |
|
|
Term
| products of proton-proton chain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| low mass, high energy particle |
|
|
Term
| if star is 2 parsecs away, its parallax is |
|
Definition
1/2 arcseconds
b/c 1/parsecs |
|
|
Term
| if star is 1/2 parsecs away, its parallax is |
|
Definition
2 arcseconds
b/c 1/parsecs |
|
|
Term
| if star is 1 parsec away, its parallax is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| speed of a star's motion toward or away from the sun |
|
|
Term
stellar luminosity
if you go away from a star by 10, the brightness will go down by _____. why? |
|
Definition
100
b/c 10^2 (inverse square law) |
|
|
Term
hotter star letter
cooler star letter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| binary stars seen from pictures taken |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stars are so close together that their spectra blur together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one star with periodically eclipse the other star |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uses multiple images from the same telescope to combine them and make a picture to see details of star better |
|
|
Term
trends of HR diagram
low-mass main sequence stars tend to be ____ & _____
high-mass main sequence stars tend to be ____ & _____ |
|
Definition
cooler and dimmer
hotter and brighter |
|
|
Term
| evolution of low-mass star |
|
Definition
interstellar cloud
protostar
sun today
red giant
yellow giant
2nd red giant
planetary nebula
white dwarf |
|
|
Term
| a white dwarf is ____ size of the current sun |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| evolution of high-mass star |
|
Definition
interstellar cloud
protostar
blue giant
yellow giant
red giant
supernova
neutron star or black hole |
|
|
Term
| the core density of a high-mass star is ___ than that of a low-mass star |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
low-mass stars rely on the ____ for internal energy
high-mass stars rely on the ____ for their internal energy |
|
Definition
proton-proton cycle
CNO cycle (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen) |
|
|
Term
| when star enters red giant phase their atmospheres expand/contract and their core expands/contracts |
|
Definition
atmosphere-expand
core-contract |
|
|
Term
| when star enters red giant phase their atmospheres become hotter/cooler and their core becomes hotter/cooler |
|
Definition
atmosphere-cooler
core-hotter |
|
|
Term
| a ____ cephid pulsates more slowly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a _____ cephid pulsates more quickly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if mass added to a white dwarf, radius ____, density ____, and electrons gain ____ energies |
|
Definition
radius stays same
density increases
electrons gain higher energies |
|
|
