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| Married Powhatan’s daughter, Pocahontas. Created a truce between English people and Native Americans |
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| A mercenary hired by the Virginia Company. “If you don’t work, you don’t eat” He forced the colonists to grow corn but they didn’t want to because the Virginia Company would seize the food. He traded with Powhatan and the colony survived but he was removed as governor |
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| Started Bacon’s rebellion because Governor William Berkeley refused to protect settlers from Indian Attacks. Bacon and his army burned down Jamestown and chased Berkeley out, but the rebellion died when Bacon died of an illness. |
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| He is a Scottish philosopher and publisher of “The Wealth of Nations. Advocated for mercantilism and believed in Laissez-faire, an idea that the government should be left alone to manage itself. . |
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| The writer of “Common Sense” and convinced many Americans to push for independence from the British |
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| Appointed by the Continental Congress to write the Declaration of Independence. He was inspired by John Locke’s work. He was against the Idea of a national bank and opposed Hamilton. He was in the Jeffersonian Republican party and the second Vice President and Third President of the U.S. He and James Madison favored strong state government and strict interpretation of the constitution |
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| The first 10 amendments. The Articles of Confederation did not get passed until the Bill of Rights was listed in there. |
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| The first president of the U.S. and the commander in chief for the Continental army during the revolutionary war. During Valley Forge, he and his men could not afford food or warmth so they confiscated those items in exchange for a receipt which promised future payment. He, John Adams, and Alexander Hamilton were Federalists and favored a strong national government and lose interpretation of the constitution |
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| Washington's secretary of treasury and a Federalist. He devised a plan to get the government debt free. He planned to have the government pay off the debt slowly over time. Convinced the government to pass tax laws like the Tonnage Act (1789) which levied tariffs on imported goods and levied excess tax on whiskey. Also passed the National Bank |
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| Founder of Quebec and the first European explorer to map the Great Lakes. Due to New France only allowing Catholics to live there, he allied with Indians and sent young people to live in Native villages to learn about their culture and marry into their people. |
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| Came up with the American System which included tariffs to protect and promote American industry, A second national bank to foster commerce, and internal improvements such as roads, railways, and canals. He supported John Adams for presidency during the corrupt bargain. |
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| Won the presidency due to Henry Clay's support, also known as the Corrupt Bargain. He was the 6th President of the United States. He along with Henry Clay, William Crawford, and Andrew Jackson ran for president. Calhoun opted out to become vice president. William Crawford had a stroke and couldn't speak and Clay supported Adams giving him the presidency and Clay the position of Secretary of state. |
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| He was a General during the war of 1812 and he invaded Creek and Spanish land. He seized Pensacola, Florida to prevent a British attack from the south pushing inward. He captured Florida but at the end, the U.S. bought the state for 5 million dollars. After Monroe's second term aka the era of bad feelings, Jackson became the 7th president and began a new political party: the Democrats |
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| He is a Jeffersonian and created the second party system with voting blocs. His group called the bucktails won Andrew Jackson the presidency through popular votes and wanted to prevent sectionalism by voting for candidates based of their ideas and not their backgrounds |
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| Inventor of the Steamboat. He sent the first commercial steamboat up the Hudson River in 1807. It was named Clermont. |
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| Inventor of the mechanical reaper to harvest wheat. His reapers were selling so fast that he moved to Chicago to build a manufacturing plant. Within a few years, he sold thousands and transformed agriculture. |
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| Known as the cotton king, he invented the cotton gin |
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| 11th president of the U.S. and was a dark horse candidate. A loyal Jackson supporter and adopted his ideas. He was against the American System and aimed to secure borders. He wanted to get Texas into the Union. |
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| A proposal to prohibit slavery in any land acquired n the Mexican-American War. |
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| Legal concept by which the white male settlers in a new U.S. territory would vote to decide whether or not to permit slavery. |
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| A political coalition created in 1848 that opposed the expansion of slavery into the new western territories. |
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| The 12th president of the United States and was a Whig. He died and Millard Fillmore took his place. |
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| The 13th president of the United States after Zachary Taylor died. He supported Clay's stance on slavery expansion |
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| Slavery becomes outlawed in Washington DC, California is admitted as a free state, and Utah and New Mexico will determine if slavery is allowed through voting. Fugitive slave law is passed. |
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| A novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe and advocates against slavery. |
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| Kansas and Nebraska, where residents would vote to decide whether slavery would be allowed (popular sovereignty).Kansas would become pro slavery and this would lead to guerrilla warfare |
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| Charles Sumner was to deliver an anti-slavery speech that was riddled with insults against Senator Andrew Pickens Butler. People then came to Sumner and beat the shit out of him. The lead to more northerners forming the Republican Party |
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| The man who beat the living shit out of Charles Sumner |
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A religious party that used politics to achieve their agenda. Evangelicals supported this party and they were anti immigration and followers of the Catholic
church. |
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| . Nativist were people born in the U.S who resented immigrants. The sought to stop or restrict immigration altogether. Irish and German Catholics especially aroused hostility among Protestants |
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| He believed that sectionalism can be stopped by having the West grow as strong as the North and South. He also passed the Kansas Nebraska Act. |
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| Chief Justice Taney ruled that Dred Scott could not sue in federal court because he was not a citizen. But he could not be a citizen because he was black. Declared the Missouri compromise unconstitutional because congress could not tell states to permit or ban slavery. |
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| Led a massacre in Kansas in 1850s. He wanted to started a slave rebellion in Virginia. He captured the federal arsenal in Harper's Ferry. His raid failed but he became a martyr to abolitionism. Northerners did not support him but some viewed him as a hero. |
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| Candidates were Lincoln (republican) Breckenridge (southern democratic) Bell (constitutional union) and Douglas (northern democratic.) |
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| South Carolina held a convention of the people and succeeded from the United States on December 20th 1860 |
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| Southern Secessionists. They saw Lincoln's election as a final sign to abandon the union and that there is no compromise |
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| Zachary Taylor's son in law. He became the cabinet of Secretary of War for the confederates. He participated in the Compromise of 1850 |
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| Joined the confederates when Virginia succeeded from the Union. General of the Confederate Troops |
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| When Lincoln sent supplies to this fort with unarmed ships, Jefferson Davis attacked the fort despite Richard Lather's warnings. This attack unified the northerners for war. |
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| Commander for the Potomac Army. He was a democrat who hated Republicans. After the battle of Antietam, he was removed as commander. |
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| A plan devised by Winfield Scott for the north. The plan was to capture Missouri, Kentucky, and Tennessee and then the Mississippi River. Then they would capture Richmond and strangle the south like a snake |
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| Battle opening the war. Took place in Washington DC. The South was advancing to DC so Lincoln ordered them to stop the advance. Congress was in session and called a pause to watch the battle. Very unorganized as both sides were wearing the same uniform.This was a Confederate Victory |
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| A battle that ended in a stalemate. Lee had to retreat out of Maryland because his invasion was not successful. |
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| Emancipation Proclamation |
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| Gave the confederacy until January 1'st 1863 to free all slaves or else they would be free from presidential proclamation. No one was actually free though. |
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| Union was doing well in the west. This was the turning point. Lee had to retreat and after 3 days battle, this was his worst defeat. He tried to break through the Union line but walked across an open field. |
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| This was the capturing of the last Confederate major town in the Mississippi River. |
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| This battle lasted form months. Atlanta was providing food for Lee so on September 2nd, Sherman takes Atlanta and burns everything. |
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| After the confederate army suffered many losses, Lee surrenders to Grant. |
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| Assassinated Lincoln on April 15th 1865. |
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| Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction |
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| Lincoln wanted to rebuild the republican party in the south. His Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction decreed that each state that would enter the union again has to take an oath of allegiance and abolish slavery |
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| Congress claimed that the president does not have a say in Reconstruction. They said that 50% of the population had to take an oath of allegiance. Lincoln vetoed this bill and implemented his plan for the duration of the war. Under his plan, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Tennessee were reconstructed and formed new governments. |
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| used to make sure that an Ex-slave was not a free man |
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| 17th president. Took Lincolns place after he was assassinated. He vetoed the bill extending the Freedman's Bureau and Vetoed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 |
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| Presidential Reconstruction |
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| By 1865, all but Texas had elected Representatives to Congress. This was believed to be a success but radicals disagreed and wanted vengeance against the south |
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| Civil Rights Amendment. Southern States could not pass laws that discriminate blacks. |
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| Gave blacks the right to vote |
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| Congressional Reconstruction |
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| Congress controlled reconstruction between 1867 and 1877. congressional republicans were much more radical and wanted to reconstruct southern society. They divided the south into military districts |
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| Was formed in 1866 in Pulaski Tennessee.It began as a social club but former confederate soldiers began harassing blacks and white republicans. |
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| A confederate General with no formal military general. After the war, he worked as a merchant and planter. He was president of a Railroad company and founded the KKK to terrorize blacks and oppose Reconstruction |
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| 19th President of the United States. Won the election against Samuel Tilden. He withdrew troops from reconstruction states to restore good will and was viewed as a betrayal by blacks in the south. |
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| Deaks nade by a congressional comission to resolve the disputed election of 1876. Ruthorford B hayes who had lost the popular vote won the election in exchange for withdrawing troops from the south, marking the end of reconstruction |
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| Founded in Wisconson in 1854 in opposition to the Kansas Nebraska act. They wanted to do what the free soil party could do and that is to become a visable threat to the Democrats. This party attracted both ex democrats and ex whigs. The idea was to ban the expansion of slavery. |
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