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| c)most politically powerful segment of the society |
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| according to conflict model, what is deemed criminal activity is determined by |
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| public order crime is sometimes referred as |
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| 4th largest layer of wedding cake model is |
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| c) states and federal govt. |
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| prisons are administered by |
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| how many independent judicial systems are in the US |
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| d) protects individuals from power of state |
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| text refers to the judge, prosecutors, and defense attorneys in a criminal court as the court's |
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| strain theory has its roots in the concept of |
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| the idea that certain people are more likely to be victims of crime that others is called |
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| d) beyond the control of the individual |
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| For the positivist, behavior is |
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| rational decision making process |
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| Classical theorists believe that a crime was an expression of a person's |
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| an explanation of observation, experimentation, and reasoning |
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| which of the following is a social process theory |
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| d) give an incentive not to harm people |
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| In Bentham's classical criminology punishment aims to |
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| social conflict theory focuses on |
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| routine activities theory includes all of the following except |
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| the modal penal code provides for ____ degrees of felony |
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| a) beyond a reasonable doubt |
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| civil law involves all of the following except |
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| civil law is concerned with disputes between entities and |
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| self report survey are collected by all of the following except |
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| a term used to describe the actual amount of crime that takes place |
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| b) proof beyond reasonable doubt |
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| Proof of guilt in a criminal case requires |
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| moajority of Part 1 offenses commited in the US are |
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| which group is most likely to have victims of homocide |
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| alcohol intoxication can be used as defense when |
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| rehabilitate criminal offenders |
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| which of the following is not one of the functions of criminal law |
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| the amendment ___ protects against double jeopordy |
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| The ______ amendment requires states to adhere to the bill of rights |
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| ___ makes it possible to convict a person of a crime they didn't really commit |
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| reflect norms and values of society |
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| prurpose of social function of law |
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| one of the earliest written law was |
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| legal function of the law |
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| community era of policing began in |
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| police professionalism model emphasizes all of the following except |
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| investigate tax and welfare fraud |
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| historically state police agencies were created to do all of the listed except |
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| wickersham commission is associated with which era of reform |
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| which of the following is not of one of the three eras of American policing |
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| in the pulic's mind, police's role is to |
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| controlling certain groups of people |
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| policing efforts in in the first American cities were directed towards |
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| the internal revenue service is organizes under the |
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| which of the following is not a category of ethical dilemma listed in the text |
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| force applied by a police officer that is likely or intended to cause death |
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| the use of force by police officers occurs in about _____ percent of all police public encounters |
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| a database containing DNA profiles |
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| the process through which a police officer is taught the values and expected behavior of the police subculture is called |
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| the suspicion that citizens are weak, corrupt, and dangerous is called |
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| DNA can be found in all of the following except |
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| according to the text, delegation of authority is a critical component of |
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| sufficient evidence for conviction |
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| what is the most important factor a prosecutor considers when deciding on criminal prosecution |
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| serve as advocate for the defendant |
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| what is the defense attorney's largest responsibility? |
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| sufficient evidence for conviction |
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| which of the following is the most important factor when prosecutor onsiders whether or not to proceed with a prosecution |
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| which case did the US Supreme Court holds that the state must provide counsel to those who cannot afford to hire one for themselves |
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| conference ntoes and transcripts |
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| all of the following are found in the US supreme court except |
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| how many women have been confirmed and seated as a US supreme court justice |
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| the dominant figure of the courtroom work group is |
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| reviewers of cases concerns with questions of law |
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| courts have appellate jurisdiction act as |
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| the court's crime control function emphasizes punishment and |
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| as listed in the text which of the following is not considered a state specialty court |
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| it results lack of diversity on the bench |
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| one criticism of merit selection is that |
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| case overload has been linked to all of the following situatuions except |
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| which member of the courtroom work group is responsible for the large amount of paperwork generated during a trial |
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| sufficient evidence for conviction |
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| which of the following is the mot important factor when prosecutor consider whether or not to proceed wit a prosecution |
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| what title is given to the chief law officer of the state |
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| when the prosecutor raises the level of the charges above where it should be in orer to induce a plea bargain, they are participatinf in |
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| as an elected official the prosecutor must answer to |
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| if a grand jury finds that probable cause exists they will issue an ___ against the defendant |
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| what type of evidence tends to make a fact in question more or less probable than it would be without the evidence |
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| what type of evidence is offered to establish, by inference, the likelihood of a fact that is in question |
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| what type of evidence establishes the existence of a fact that is in question without relying on infference |
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| what type of evidence is brought into court and seen by the jury, as opposed to evidence that is described for the jury |
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| when a witness takes the stand to offer testimony during a criminal trial, both the defense and the prosecutor have ___ oppurtuniteies toquestion them |
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| what crime is exempt from the statue of limitations |
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| beyond a reasonable doubt |
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| the standard of guilt in criminal trials is |
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| voir dire translates from French as |
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| In which case did the US supreme court set forth rules whereby a judge may send a deadlocked jury back to the majority view |
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| individualized deterrence |
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| a form of deterrence that is designed to prevent the offender from offending agains is |
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| ___ occurs when an imate is awarder early release |
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| under truth in sentencing laws what percentage of the sentence omust be served |
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| non traditional sentences such as yoga classes for offenders with anger isues is an example of |
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| in states with indeterminate the prisoners sentence is determined by |
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| application of the death penalty is determined by |
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| the ideal probation officer offender replation Is based on |
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| the fastest growing pretrial deiversion program in the US is |
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| according to the national institute of corrections what percentage of probation officers have been |
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| a judge as a neutral and detached body |
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| the sentence handed down at a probation evocation hearing is determined by |
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| forfeiture as an intermediate sanction is seized by federal law enforcement each year. What is annual approximate value |
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| day reporting centers first used in |
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| recidivism rates for offenders in home |
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Definition
| all of the following are criticisms of home confinement programs except |
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| which intermediate sanction requires offenders to remain home at all times |
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