Term
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Definition
| the process by which religious beliefs, practices, and institutions lose their significance in sectors of society & culture. (i.e. stores open on sundays, churches = more tolerant) |
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Term
| components of the sick role |
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Definition
1) sick = deviant (can't perform roles expected of someone)
2) changes bt cultures
3) must be legitimated by doc.
4) responsibilities & privileges (ind isn't responsible, exempt from normal obligations, must try to get well, must seek help from a doc) |
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Term
| problems with the sick role |
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Definition
1) not always temporary
2) works well for acute, not chronic
3) not always voluntary |
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Term
| functionalist vs. conflict perspective on education |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
RACE: a social construct used to distinguish ppl in terms of one or more physical markers, usually w/ profound effects on their lives.
ETHNICITY: ppl whose perceived cultural markers are deemed socially significant. ethnic groups differ from one another in terms of language, religion, customs, values, ancestors, and the like. |
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Term
| extended vs. traditional family |
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Definition
EXTENDED: expands the nuclear family "vertically" by adding another generation--1+ of the spouses' parents--to the household
TRADITIONAL: a nuclear family in which the husband works outside the home for money and the wife works for free in the home. |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of a cohabitating man and woman who maintain a socially approved sexual relationship and have at least one child. |
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Term
| romantic qualities: dec. in importance over time vs. those that inc. over time |
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Definition
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Term
| functional perspectives on family |
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Definition
1) socialization of members (respect authority, how to approach strangers, norms/customs/folkways)
2) regulations of sexual activity (might be diff 4 what media says is OK)
3) social placement (determines soc class we're in)
4) support system
5) reproduction |
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Term
| conflict perspective on family |
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Definition
1) M/F feel forced/trapped into marriage
2) 2/3 of mid-class families are happy
3) men got edu/women got jobs...men b4 women in the workplace (soldiers)
4) many families are too poor to participate in a nuclear family
5) gender bias, patriarchal authority |
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Term
| symbolic interactionist perspectives on family |
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Definition
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Term
| functional perspectives on religion |
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Definition
1) social cohesion (brings ppl together WE/US)
2) social control (way society gets ppl to conform)
3) provides meaning, purpose, support |
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Term
| conflict perspectives on religion |
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Definition
religion mean to create an illusion for the oppressed (for poor ppl [proletariat])
- there's always a better life around the corner
-helps target attn somewhere else
-gives hope, heart, spirit
-distraction from bad things happening |
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Term
| sternberg's love triangle |
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Definition
1) INTIMACY (slow developing emotional bond [friendship], emotional intimacy)
2) PASSION (sexual attraction, instant development, declines over the yrs & eventually stables o/)
3) COMMITMENT (stable/dependable devotion, grows slowly over time through good/bad)
*tri diff for e/ person depending on what they expect
*having equilateral triangle isn't imp
*matching tri imp for healthy relationship |
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Term
| negative consequences of medicalization |
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Definition
1) assumption of medical neutrality,
2) expert control (few ppl control),
3) individualization of social problems (ADHD: prob lies within kid, ignores big pix),
4) depoloticization of deviant behavior (treats physiology rather than politics),
5) dislocation of responsibility (used as excuse, gambled kids tuition away...not my fault, i have a disease") |
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Term
| positive consequences of medicalization |
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Definition
| ppl can get help (i.e. alcoholism, AA) |
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Term
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Definition
| when slaves ran away from slave master. symptoms: disobedience, disrepsect, refusal to work. cure: hard work, revitalizes brain, blood pump, straightens out slave |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| derived from leprocy. used as excuse for segregation. cure: when skin turns white. |
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Term
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Definition
| legitimized through tradition, usually based on religious doctrine, usually conservative/stable. |
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Term
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Definition
| legitimized through law. as long as authority follows laws in place, we give them authority (used in US) |
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Term
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Definition
| legitimized through personality. ruler is superhuman and has divine powers. like jesus/buddha. when ruler dies, followers tend to get lost. breaks down after person dies and transforms into another authority |
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Term
| totalitarian political system |
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Definition
1) doesn't tolerate opposition
2) massive & protective efforts to collect huge amts of info on populance
3) govt indoctrination begins @ early age & continues through life
(used in N. Korea) |
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Term
| democratic political systems |
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Definition
1) power exercised by ppl as a whole
2) representative democracy (authority in the hands of the ppl)
3) recent, rare, fragile
4) usually parallel w/ industrialization |
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Term
| conditions for successful democracy |
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Definition
1) advanced economic development (literate populace: able to rd. to vote)
2) strong middle class
3) restrains on gov't (limits execution of pow, constitution)
4) tolerance of dissent
5) access to info
6) diffusion of power (local, state, fed) |
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Term
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Definition
| patients/payees billed individually for e/ service |
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Term
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Definition
| doctors paid @ fixed rate/mo/patient |
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Term
| DRGs (diagnostically related groups) |
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Definition
| fixed payments made based on patient's diagnosis |
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Term
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Definition
| mostly men, work in corporations, job security, good benefits, paid well |
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Term
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Definition
| females and minority groups. no job security, little/no benefits, low paying jobs. mostly blacks and hispanics. |
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Term
| tuskegee syphilis experiment |
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Definition
| studied black men w/ syphilis, lied to them, non-therapeutic experiment to see what happens, aftermath: 25% died, 75% severe probs. MORAL: informed consent "it's OK to experiment on me" |
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Term
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Definition
| "we like things we see often", only if first encounter is good. moreland & beach experiment: girls same attraction, class. |
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Term
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Definition
| effects of physiological stimulation on attraction: guys on treadmill heart rate up, one group sitting, treadmill guys think women are more attractive. MORAL: shows mislabeling of physiological arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| long-term, insidious onset, fluctuating course (good/bad days), uncertain outcome, common in older age. (lymphoma) |
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Term
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Definition
| short-term illnesses that strike suddenly & cause ppl to be incapacitated in some form, common in young ppl (cold, influenza) |
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Term
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Definition
| not always temporary, works for acute not chronic (lung cancer: your fault, don't smoke), not always voluntary |
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Term
| who's healthier? men or women? |
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Definition
| depends on how health is defined. F: healthy in long-term (life expectancy), more likely to have chronic illnesses. M: problem solver/don't ask for help, less likely to ask for help |
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Term
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Definition
SACRED: aspects of life considered extraordinary or supernatural
PROFANE: everyday, secular, or "worldly" aspects of life
**basis of religion is based on the division of sacred & profane |
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Term
| rituals vs. everyday practice |
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Definition
RITUALS: it's how you do it that matters (crossing oneself)
EVERYDAY PRACTICE: doesn't matter how you do it, as long as it gets done (brushing teeth) |
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Term
| hunter/gatherer & agrarian societies compared to industrial societies (general concepts) |
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Definition
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Term
| fundamental cause of disease |
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Definition
| lack of exercise, eating habits, and stress. med ppl look for cure (diet, etc). sociologists perspective: social conditions are the fund cause of disease. rich ppl = racquetball = exercise. single ma = working = no time. access to resources: time/money |
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Term
| matriarchy vs. patriarchy |
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Definition
MATRIARCHY: authority in mother/women.
PATRIARCHY: authority in father/men. |
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Term
| latent functions of schooling |
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Definition
1) encourage development of a separate youth culture that often conflicts w/ parents' values
2) educational institutions bring potential mates together, "marriage market"
3) kids under surveillance for much of the day freeing 'rents to work in labor force
4) encourage critical thinking, challenge authoritairan regimes and promote social change |
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Term
| studies of physical attraction |
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Definition
| good looking people are liked more and given the benefit of the doubt. attractive ppl get more help, cooperation. cognitive dissidence (why help? bc you like them). telephone study, classroom study |
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Term
| thomas szasz critique of mental illness |
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Definition
1) just bc a drug stops something, doesn't mean it's a disease
2) behavioral symptoms shouldn't be confused w/ physiological symptoms
3) as in brain activity, but doesn't provide argument for disease |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the fact that it takes ever more certificates and diplomas to qualify for a given job |
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Term
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Definition
| involves sorting students into high-ability, middle-ability, and low-ability classes based on the results of IQ and other tests |
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Term
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Definition
| teaches students what will be expected of them as conventionally good citizens once they leave school |
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