Term
| physical (biological) anthropology |
|
Definition
| the study of variation among humans and their (both living and deceased) relatives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of language and its relationship to culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| testable statements that potentially explain specific phenomena observed in the natural world |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a set of preconceived notions, ideas, or beliefs that determine what is worth exploring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the doctrine asserting that cataclysmic events (such as volcanoes, earthquakes, and floods) rather than evolutionary processes, are responsible for geologic changes throughout Earth's history |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the theory that processes that occurred in the geologic past are still at work today |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one or more alternative forms of a gene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the physical expression of a trait |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of cellular division that creates two identical diploid daughter cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cell that has a full complement of paired chromosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the condition in which a pair of alleles at a single lcus on a homologous chromosome are the same |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small-scale evolution, such as changes in allele frequency, that occurs from one generation the the next |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| number of species in an area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large-scale evolution, such as a speciation event, that occurs after hundreds or thousands of generations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| selection for one allele over the other alleles, causing the allele frequencies to shift in one direction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when natural selection maintains stable frequencies of two or more phenotypes forms in a population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the frequency of traits hat change due to those traits' attractiveness to members of the opposite sex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the random change in allele frequency from one generation to the next, with greater effect in small populations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the accumulation of random genetic changes in a small population that has become isolated from the parent population due to the genetic input of only a few colonizers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a modified trait from the primitive trait |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| walking on all four limbs |
|
|
Term
| vertical clinging/leaping |
|
Definition
| swinging from branch to branch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the naked surface around the nostrils, typically wet in mammals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Old World monkeys, gibbons, great apes, and humans. characterized by nostrils that are close together and directed downward |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long arms and flexible shoulders to aid in brachiation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| swinging form branch to branch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a gradual change in some phenotypic characteristics from one population to the next |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the second stage of life, beginning with birth, terminating with the shift to the adult sage, and involving substantial increases in height, weight, and brain growth and development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the period of time following puberty before adulthood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to an organism's biological changes in later adulthood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the principle that an animal's size is heat-related; smaller bodies are adapted to hot environments and larger bodies are adapted to cold environments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an attempt to explain why certain diseases are more prominent in some races than others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| essential substances, such as minerals or viamins, needed in very small amounts to maintain normal body functioning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the act of being sedentary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first agriculture revolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how much a individual can carry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a deficiency disease caused by a lack of nicotinic acid or is precursor trptophan in the diet (often linked to over dependence on corn as a staple food) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a condition in which an organism is not able to breathe in adequate amounts of oxygen, leading to low levels of oxygen in the blood, shortness of breath, and, in extreme situations, death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| genes that turn on other genes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the main midsection, or shaft, portions of long bones; each contains a medullary cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A decrease in the performance of inbreds, most noticeably in traits such as fertility and survivability. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used by males to attracted females |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lies at the intersection of ecology and evolutionary biology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of the biological aspects of social behavior in animals and humans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proposes that human and primate cognition and behavior can be better understood in light of human evolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| model that tries to explain food acquisition and sharing as a form of self-interest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deterioration of the bone from lack of calcium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the end portions of long bones; once they fuse to the diaphyses, the bones stop growing longer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to he onset of menstruation in an adolescent female |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a disease causing inflammation of the nerves and heart failure, cause by a deficiency of vitamin B |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a crescent-shaped area of fertile land in he Middle East that was the center of the Neolithic developement of agriculture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| human intervention to determine what traits are passed on |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of converting wild animals or wilds plants into forms that humans can care for and cultivate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| essential chemical nutrients, including fat, carbohydrates, and protein, that a body needs o live and unction normally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a diet regiment created to mimic our ancestors diet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| states that individuals in colder climates have shorter limbs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a brown pigment that determines the darkness or lightness of a humans skin color due to its concentration in the skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the details of an organism's existence from conception through senescence and death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the third stage of live, involving the reproductive ears and senescence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the first stage in life, beginning with the zygote in utero, terminating with birth, and involving multiple mitotic events and differentiation of the body into he appropriate segments and regions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substantial, physical differences between males and females in a group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| New World monkeys, marmosets, and tamarians distinguished by nostrils that are far apart and directed forward or sideways, and typically have a prehensile tale |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pattern of teeth; 2.1.2.3 in humans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| front teeth pushed together, used as a grooming tool |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lemurs, lorises, bush babies, and tarsiers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a trait original to our ancestors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process by which some organisms, with features that enable them to adapt to the environment, preferentially survive and reproduce, thereby increasing the frequency of those features in the population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| admixture, or the exchange of alleles between two populations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| selection for both extremes of a phenotype |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| selection against the extremes of the phenotypic distribution, decreasing the ganetic diversity for this trait in the population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a random change in a gene or chromosome, creating a new trait that may be advantageous, deleterious, or neutral in its effects on the organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all the genetic information in a breeding population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an individuals ability to reproduce |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the condition in which a pair of alleles at a single locus on a homologous chromosomes are different |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cell that has a single set of unpaired chromosomes, half of the genetic material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the production of gametes through one DNA replication and two cells (and nuclear) divisions, creating four haploid gametic cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the genetic makeup of an organism; the combination of alleles for a given gene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| changes in physical structure, function, or behavior hat allow an organism or species to survive and reproduce in a given environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the basic unit of inheritance; a sequences of DNA on a chromosome, coded to produce a specific protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| theory that everything has an order, going from lowest to highest, ending with God at the top |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a set of hypothesis that have been rigorously tested and validated, leading to their establishment as a generally accepted explanation of specific phenomena |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
