Term
| How do the meanings and metaphors human beings attribute to violence shape whether or not, and how, they engage in violent conflict? |
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Definition
| -People construct systems of meaning to justify violent conflict and distance themselves from its consequences suggest it isn’t a natural aggressive impulse – acts of collective violence are rationalized as purposeful not as evidence of cruelty. |
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Term
What types of social conflict were discussed in class?
Interpersonal
Collective
Genocide |
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Definition
-ranges from arguments to murder
-Banditry, feuding, ethnic conflict, revolution, genocide, war,ethnocide (socially patterned conflicts)
-intentional murder of a group based on ethnicity/race |
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Term
| how do societies create BIAS TOWARD violent conflict |
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Definition
-protection/acquisition of scarce resources (Yanamamo)(Darfur, Sudan)
-rewards of status and rank(Kiowa)
-defense of honor/pursuit of revenge (Kohistani)
-struggle b/w good vs. evil |
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Term
| Ways people create BIAS AGAINST collective violence |
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Definition
-Value sharing and cooperation (Semai)
-value non-aggressive behavior (inuit)
-build relations of dependence(Xinguanos)
-engage in collective behaviors promoting harmony (Ju/Wasi) |
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Term
| How do nuclear defense intellectuals justify their work |
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Definition
-claim anarchy characterizes international relations
-Assume states must rely on self-help to protect themselves, because no one else is going to help them.
-ultimate form of self-help, because they vastly increase the cost of aggression against them.
-relatively little can be done in the short term to change the anarchistic nature of the international system. |
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Term
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Definition
| -It is the language (metaphors/euphemisms) that nuclear scientists use when talking about nuclear destruction to distance themselves from the consequences of the actions they are planning. |
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Term
| Why and how do cultures change |
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Definition
-Internal (invention)
-External (cultural diffusion) |
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Term
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Definition
-Cultural borrowing through contact
-3 forms: direct, forced, indirect |
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Term
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Definition
| -The exchange of cultural features through continuous firsthand contact |
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Term
2 extremes of acculturation:
Assimilation
Syncretism |
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Definition
-Assimilation- one culture becomes entirely incorporated into another culture (melting pot model, instead of cultural pluralism)
Syncretism- mixing of elements from 2 or more traditions to create a cultural blend ( religious mixtures like PNG cargo cults) |
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Term
| What is “world-systems theory |
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Definition
capitalism began to incorporate other regions and peoples into one world system;
linked economically, not politically. |
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Term
| What three parts make up the world system |
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Definition
-Core: most dominant; dominant economy and military; more political say (U.S.).
-Semi-periphery – middle ground (Brazil)
-Periphery: least dominant; cheap labor (Papua New Guinea) |
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Term
| What are colonialism and neocolonialism |
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Definition
-Colonialism: political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a territory and its people by a foreign power for an extended period of time.
-Neocolonialism: persistence of these ties after political sovereignty |
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Term
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Definition
| intensifying flow of capital, goods, ideas, images, and people around the world. Accelerating interdependence of nations in a world system linked through trade, mass media, modern transportation and cultural exchange. |
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Term
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Definition
| is the process by which humans or animals learn the values, norms and culture of their particular society. They learn to conform to the way of life in their society. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which an individual learns the traditional content of a culture and assimilates its practices and values |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
a study and description of word formation
- how we make words from pieces (dog/s) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the way we put words together to make a sentence |
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Term
| What are pidgin and creole languages |
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Definition
pidgin-a simplified speech used for communication between people with different languages
creole-a pidgin that evolves into a complex language and is transmitted to
children --- English + Papua Language = Tok pisin --- French + West African
language = Patwa |
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