Term
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Definition
| a thick ice mass that originates on land form--the accumulation, compaction and recrystallization of snow. |
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Term
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Definition
| mt glaciers- high elevations bc of low pressure, its cold. continental glaciers form near the poles. |
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Term
| what are the layers of the atmosphere? |
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Definition
| thermosphere&mesosphere (ionosphere) stratosphere-troposphere (ozonosphere) |
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Term
| In which layer does weather occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the constituents of the ancient atmosphere? |
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Definition
| methane ammonia water vapor hydrogen co2 |
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Term
| What are the constituents of the present atmosphere? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some of the green house gases? |
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Definition
| methane, water vapor, carbon dioxide |
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Term
What are the global atmospheric circulation cells called, where are they, and what do they do?
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Definition
| transfer moisture to higher latitudes, Hadley cell-0-30. Ferrel cell- 30-60. Polar cell- 60-90. |
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Term
| What is acid rain and how does it form? |
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Definition
| results from the chemical reaction between water and certain compounds in the atmosphere. |
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Term
| Describe the troposphere. |
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Definition
| where we live. lowest layer. 80% of mass is the atmosphere. where weather occurs. temp decreases with height & pressure decreases |
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Term
| Describe the stratosphere. |
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Definition
| 18% mass of atmosphere. temp increases w/ height pressure decrease. contains ozone that shields the surface from UV radiation. |
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Term
| What drives surface currents? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is longshore transport? |
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Definition
| Transporting material across the beach. Makes spits and barrier islands. |
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Term
| What landforms are associated with wave refraction? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does a wave move water or energy? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the gravitational pull of the moon. (2 high tides) |
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Term
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Definition
| a bigger high tide. bc the sun and moon are aligned with the earth/ (high high tide) |
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Term
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Definition
| pulls at right angles; low high tide. |
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Term
| What drives thermohaline (deep sea) currents? |
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Definition
| density differences. cold salty water falls. warm water rises. |
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Term
| What effect does this current have on our climate? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| less than 10 in of rain per year. (250 mm) lacking vegetation, cannot support a large population |
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Term
| difference btwn a mountain & continental glacier |
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Definition
| mt glac- smaller, lengths are great than widths, only cover small regions. continental- large & cover 10% of earth. ex- antartica & greenland |
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Term
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Definition
| Internally, by the rotation of grains, slipping along weak surfaces and melting and refreezing. Externally, basal slips which is the slipping on a layer of water between the ice and bedrock. |
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Term
| Where within a mountain glacier is the movement fastest? |
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Definition
| In the middle, away from the friction of the sides and bottom. |
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Term
| Describe the glacial budget. |
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Definition
| In- zone of accumulation, snow accumulates. Out, the zone of ablation is the general term for loss of ice or snow from a glacier. Melting or calving of icebergs is how snow or ice is lost. |
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Term
| How do glaciers loss mass? |
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Definition
| By the melting or calving of icebergs. |
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Term
| Describe the types and locations of glacial sediment. |
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Definition
| Till, where material is deposited directly by the glacier. Sorted sediments- material laid down by glacial meltwater. |
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Term
| What are moraines, eskers, kettle lakes, erratic, drumlins, and outwash plains? |
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Definition
| Moraines are a pile of debris that has been transported and deposited by a glacier. Eskers are ridges of sorted sand and gravel deposited in sub glacial meltwater tunnels. Kettle lakes are a water filled depression left by glacial ice blocks. Erratics are boulders, transported by glaciers and left on the surface as the glacier melted. Drumlins are elongated hills formed when a glacier overrides glacial till. Outwash plains are sand and gravels deposited by glacial melt. |
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Term
| What are horns, arêtes, hanging valleys, truncated spurs, tarn lakes cirques and U-shaped valleys? |
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Definition
| Horns are a pyramid like peak formed by a glacial action in three or more cirques surrounding a mountain summit. Aretes are a narrow knifelike ridge separating two adjacent glaciated valleys. Hanging valleys are a tributary that enters a glacial trough high above the floor of the trough. Truncated spurs are eroded triangular shaped cliffs in glaciated valleys. Tarn lakes are small lakes in a cirque. Cirques are an amphitheater shaped basin at the head of a glaciated valley. U- Shaped valleys are glacial troughs. |
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Term
| How do glaciers effect the landscape? |
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Definition
| Continental glaciers make the land flat. Mountain glaciers sharpen the land. |
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Term
| What are the stages of glaciation in Illinois? |
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Definition
| Preillinoian 700,000 to 1.8 million years ago, Illinoian 3000,000 to 125,000 years ago, and Wisconsinan 75,000 to 10,000 years ago. |
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Term
| In general, when did glaciation occur in Illinois? |
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Definition
| During the ice age. 1.8 million years ago to 10,000 years ago |
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Term
| What direction did the glaciers advance from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Milakovitch theory? |
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Definition
| It describes the changes in Earth’s orbit. It says that changes in Earth’s tilt occurred 41,000 years ago, Precession of the Equinoxes occurred 22,000 years ago, and Eccentricity of the orbit occurred 100,000 years ago. |
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Term
| What are the layers of the atmosphere? |
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Definition
| What are the layers of the atmosphere? |
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Term
| 17. In which layer does weather occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| 20. What are the global atmospheric circulation cells called, where are they located, and what do they do? |
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Definition
| Polar cells are 60 to 90 degrees latitude near the poles. They transfer moisture to higher latitudes. |
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Term
| 21. What is acid rain and how does it form? |
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Definition
| Acid rain results and forms from the chemical reaction between water and certain compounds in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, sulfur oxide, and Nitrogen oxides. |
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Term
| 24. What is O-zone and where does it occur? |
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Definition
| O zone is oxidized material that is like bleach. They occur during lightening storms. |
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Term
| . Describe the green house effect. |
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Definition
| Incoming solar radiation consists of short, high energy waves. These waves pass thought the atmosphere and are absorbed by the Earth. Some of this absorbed energy is then released back into the atmosphere as long, low energy waves which are absorbed by the particles in the atmosphere and raise the temperature. |
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Term
| . What are some of the green house gases? |
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Definition
| Water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and chlo-floro- carbons (CFCs) |
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Term
| What drives surface currents? |
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Definition
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Term
| What landforms are associated with wave refraction? |
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Definition
| Headlands, embayment, sea arches, and sea stacks. |
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Term
| What are the parts of a wave? |
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Definition
| Wave length, crest, trough. |
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Term
| What causes a wave to break? |
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Definition
| When the depth of the bottom of the ocean is half the wave length. |
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Term
| Does a wave move water or energy? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Gravitational influences of the moon and sun |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When the sun and moon are at 90 degree angles form each other and it causes an exceptionally low tides. |
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Term
| What drives thermohaline (deep sea) currents? |
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Definition
| Difference in temperature and salinity. |
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