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| One of the two central texts of Rabbinic Judaism. 'Talmud' = repetition. It is a commentary on the Mishnah. |
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| Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed |
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| Figuring out organization of the Trinity. Constantinople's council's creed on the Father, Son, Holy Spirit--ensured Spirit's status as part of the Godhead. Reads "And in the Spirit...proceeding forth from the Father..." changed in the West to proceed from the Father 'and the Son'. |
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| Letter from a pilgrimage, source of liturgy and church calendar in 4th c. Jerusalem. |
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| Written by Thomas Aquinas, synthesis of Greek philosophy and Christian doctrine. |
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| Luther's translation of Bible into German |
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| Written by Calvin. (1) Total depravity of human beings/sin. (2) Unconditional predestination to salvation or damnation. (3) Limited atonement of Christ (for elect). (4) Irresistable grace of God. (5) Perseverence of saints/faith. |
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| focus on commonality of people, ecumenical dialogue |
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| Excommunicated Christian, said there were two Gods: one who gives grace and a god of justice/creator god who made humans and now humans owe him something. |
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| Founder of Western Monasticism (priests/nuns) |
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| Scholastic scholar, wrote Summa Theologica: Greek philosophy and Christian doctrine |
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| German, Augustinian monk/priest who started Protestant Reformation. Principles: (1) Jesus' sacrifice fully atones for sins, (2) Sinner is justified by faith alone, (3) Good works aren't necessary to achieve salvation, but come with faith, (4) Salvation is entirely the work of God, (5) A human can never be righteous on his/her own. Rejected indulgences of Catholic church in Rome, was excommunicated and arrested. |
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| Led Swiss Reformation, studied New Testament in Greek, opposed sale of indulgences, said Lord's Supper is completely symbolic (as opposed to Luther) |
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| Reformation in Switzerland, wrote TULIP acrostic, studied New Testament in Greek |
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| Visible Christian rite that makes God present. SEVEN in Roman Catholic church, TWO in Protestant churches. |
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| Establishment of State of Israel |
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| Narrative text that says you have to be celibate (opposite from 1 Timothy). |
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| Catholic Church determined (1) correct interpretation of Bible (as opposed to Protestants' beliefs), (2) Bible and tradition have equal authority, (3) maintained authority of Pope, (4) founded seminaries for priests' instructions, (5) affirms justification by faith (but good works have to accompany it) |
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| Second Vatican Council, 1960s. Changed: (1) liturgy in vernacular, (2) encouraged work of biblical scholars, (3) encouraged ecumenism (promoting unity among world's Christian churches) |
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