Term
| In early england, the comes stabuli were non-uniformed mounted law enforcement officers. Though small and un-organized, they utilized local resources to: |
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Term
| The magna carta of 1215 gave people certain rights. The most significant right was: |
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Term
| The Bow Street Runners were an organized English police unit and were formed by: |
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Definition
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Term
| The New police, also known as the Metropolitan Police was formed by ____ and the members were known as _____. |
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Definition
| Sir Robert Peel and Bobbies |
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Term
| The statute of Winchester, written in 1285 created what was known as the "watch an Ward System" in English cities and towns and also codified early police practices |
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Term
| In early America During the frontier period, vigilantism was common. As discussed in class, vigilantism is the act of taking the law into ones own hands. Latin term is ___ means Law of Retaliation. |
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Definition
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Term
| When did police reform become intensive? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Wickersham commission in 1931 issued a finding that indicated prohibition was ____ and also carried great potential for ______. |
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Definition
| Unenforceable and police corruption |
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Term
| When discussing scientific police management, it is understood it was a study of police administration for these purposes? |
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Definition
| Increase effectiveness, reduce the frequency of citizen cmplaints, Enhance the efficient use of resources. |
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Term
| ____ is a strategy designed to increase the productivity of patrol officers through the application of scientific analysis and evaluation of patrol techniques, which was the outcome of the KC experiment. |
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Definition
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Term
| Crime, is a working definition for our class: Conduct in violation of criminal laws of a State, Federal Gov't or local jurisdiction, For which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse. |
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Definition
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Term
| Individual rights are those rights guaranteed by the United States Constitution to all members of society. Most importantly the first 10 amendments, known as the "Bill of rights" is most important to: |
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Definition
| Defendants facing formal processing in the CJ system. |
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Term
| The U.s. Patriot Act of 2001, was federal legislation providing appropriate tools required to intercept and obstruct terrorism acts. Additionally, it substantially ____ the investigative authority of Law Enforcement agencies. |
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Definition
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Term
| Individual rights advocate is a person or group that seeks to protect personal freedoms within the CJ system. |
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Definition
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Term
| The public order advocate believes that when there is a criminal threat to society the interests of society should NOT take precedence over individual rights. |
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Term
| Justice, as a working definition , is the principle of fairness and the ideal of ____ equity. |
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Definition
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Term
| CJ is the ____ of criminal procedure and an array of procedures and activities having to do with enforcement. |
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Definition
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Term
| Civil justice is the law of civil procedure and array of procedures and activities having to do with ____ rights and remedies sought by a civil action. |
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Definition
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| ___ is the ultimate goal of CJ. |
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Definition
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Term
| The administration of justice includes the performance of many activities. As discussed in class, they include these. |
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Definition
| Detection and apprehension, Detention; pre and post trial release, Prosecution and adjudication, Correctional supervision and rehabilitation. |
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Term
| In the ___ model, being a criminal justice perspective, it is assumed that the systems sub groups work harmoniously to achieve a social product called justice. |
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Definition
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Term
| Opposite of criminal perspective model, this model assumes that the system sub groups function to primarily serve their own interests. |
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Definition
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Term
| A warrant is a writ issued by a judicial officer(judge) and: |
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Definition
| It directs a law enforcement officer to perform a specified act, and it affords protection from damages. |
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Term
| Bail (Bond) is money r property pledged to the court to effect the release of a person from: |
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Definition
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Term
| An ______ is a court appearance where the identity of a defendant is established, defendant is informed of their rights and requires a plea to be entered. |
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Definition
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Term
| An indictment is a formal, Written accusation submitted to the court by: |
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Definition
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Term
| An information, also a formal written accusation, is presented to the court by: |
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Definition
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Term
| A Grand jury is a group of jurors who have been selected and sworn to hear evidence and must determine: |
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Definition
| Whether There is sufficient evidence to bring the accused to trial |
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Term
| Due process is a right guaranteed by the ____, _____ and 14th amendments. This process is for the due course of legal proceedings according to the rules and forms established for the protection of individual rights. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which model emphasized individual rights at all stages of the justice system, as opposed to arrests and efficient convictions? |
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Definition
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Term
| There are ___ parts to the uniform crime report. |
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Definition
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Term
| Part one of the U.C.R. has how many offenses listed? |
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Definition
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Term
| Part two of the U.C.R. deals with lessor offenses and |
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Definition
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Term
| A clearance rate is a measure of investigative effectiveness that compares the number of crimes reported or discovered to the number of crimes: |
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Definition
| Solved through arrest or other means |
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Term
| What is problematic with the Uniform Crime Reporting system? |
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Definition
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Term
| The National incident based reporting system (NIBRS) is an innovative means to replace UCR. As NIBRS collects data on every single crime occurrence, it eliminates |
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Definition
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Term
| The CJ system is an aggregate of all operating and administrative or support agencies composed of sun-groups. These Sub-groups include all of the following: |
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Definition
| Corrections, Law Enforcement, and courts. |
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Term
| Law, as discussed in class is defined as a rule of conduct, generally found enacted in the form of a statute that proscribes or mandates certain forms of behavior. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ are written or codified laws, as enacted by a Gov't body or agency having the power to make laws. Also known as "Law on the books" |
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Definition
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Term
| The Written, organized and compiled form of the criminal laws of a jurisdiction is known as |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ is the body of judicial precedent, which is past interpretations of statutory law which serve as a guide to decision making. |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of law originated from usage and custom, rather than from written statues. Developed from English courts, It was based on non-statutory customs, Traditions are precedents that help guide judicial decision making. |
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Definition
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Term
| An Orderly society must be governed by established principles and codes that are applied uniformly and fairly to all of its members. This is known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| Jurisprudence is known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| Criminal law is the branch of modern Gov't that concerns itself with offenses committed against society and: |
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Definition
| Its members, their property, Social order. |
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Term
| This is the part of law that defines crimes and specifies punishments. |
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Definition
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Term
| Procedural law is the part of law that specifies how criminal trials are conducted. |
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Definition
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Term
| What governs relationships between parties? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which best describes a lawsuit filed by one or more people on behalf of themselves and a larger group of people who are "similarly situated" |
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Definition
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Term
| During a lawsuit, what type of damages are typically requested or awarded? |
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Definition
| Punitive and compensatory |
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Term
| What best describes a legal principle that ensures previous judicial decisions are considered and incorporated into futures cases? |
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Definition
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Term
| Felonies are a criminal offense that is punishable by death or incarceration in prison facility for: |
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Definition
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Term
| A misdemeanor is a criminal offense punishable by incarceration in a prison facility for a typical period of a year or less. |
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Definition
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Term
| An infraction is a minor violation of a state statue or a local ordinance punishable by a fine or other penalty. |
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Definition
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Term
| An _____ is an offense not yet completed and/or consists of actions or conduct that is a step toward completion. |
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Definition
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Term
| "Actus Reus" Is a violation of the law and: |
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Definition
| Also known as a guilty act |
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Term
| "Mens Rea" is the state of mind that accompanies a criminal act and is known as "guilty mind" |
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Definition
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Term
| "Ex post facto" is best defined as a constitutional prohibition of enactment of laws, punishable as crimes after the crime was committed. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Facts that show a crime has been committed. |
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Term
| The M'Naghten rule is used for determining insanity of a defendant. There are 2 questions that must be decided upon. One is Whether the defendant knew what they were doing and the second question would be if the defendant knew: |
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Definition
| If what they were doing was wrong. |
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Term
| If a person is deemed incompetent to stand trial, the court must make a finding that as a result of mental illness, defect or disability the defendant is: |
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Definition
| Incapable of understanding the charges against them, incapable of consulting with an attorney, and incapable of aiding in their own defense. |
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Term
| Discussed in class, juvenile offenders account for _____ of violent crimes and ____ of property. |
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Definition
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Term
| During the earliest times of juvenile justice, there was no preferential treatment given to juveniles. Additionally, there was _____ distinction made between criminality and delinquency. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Chicago reform school was a product of the child savers movement, these schools emphasized 2 main philosophies. One such philosophy was traditional family values and the other was: |
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Definition
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Term
| "Parens Patriae" is common law principle that allows the state to assume a parental role and take custody of a child when: |
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Definition
| Child becomes delinquent, Aandoned and the child is in need of care that parents are unable or unwilling to provide. |
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Term
| A delinquent child is a child who has engaged in activity that would be considered a crime if: |
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Definition
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Term
| An abused child is a child who has been physically, sexually, or mentally abused. Also a child may be deemed abused if: |
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Definition
| The child is forced into delinquent activity by a parent or guardian. |
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Term
| A ______ is a document that is filed in juvenile court alleging that a juvenile is delinquent, status offender or dependent child and asking the court to assume jurisdiction to transferred to criminal court to be prosecuted as an adult. |
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Definition
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Term
| Intake is the ____ step in decision making regarding a juvenile whose behavior or alleged behavior is in violation of the law or could otherwise cause a juvenile court to assume jurisdiction. |
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Definition
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Term
| An Adjudicatory hearing is a fact finding process where the juvenile court determines whether there is sufficient evidence to sustain the allegations in the petition. |
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Definition
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Term
| Teen court is an alternative approach to juvenile justice in which the juvenile is judged and sentenced by a jury of their peers. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the scientific study of crime victims and the victimization process. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime, in addition to the rehabilitation ad punishment of offenders. |
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Definition
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Term
| The existence within one society of diverse groups, who maintain their unique cultural identities while frequently accepting and participating in the lager societies legal and political system is: |
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Definition
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Term
| Deviance is a violation of social norms that define appropriate or proper behavior. it doesnt often include criminal acts. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is a set of interrelated propositions that attempt to describe, explain and ultimately control some class of events. |
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Definition
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Term
| A hypothesis is an explanation that accounts for a set of facts and can be tested by: |
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Definition
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Term
| The use of standardized and systematic procedure in the search for knowledge is known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| The classical school is an approach to crime causation and criminal responsibility. Also a belief is that for punishment to be an effective deterrent, it has to outweigh the potential pleasure derived from the criminal behavior. |
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Definition
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Term
| The hedonistic calc. school makes an assumption that as people exercise their free will, they will: |
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Definition
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Term
| Neoclassical criminology basically is deterrence and retribution that holds human beings are free to make choices in favor of: |
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Definition
| Crime, deviance, and conformity. |
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Term
| The rational choice theory is a perspective of crime causation and predicts that individuals will choose crime when the benefits outweigh the costs of disobeying the law. |
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Definition
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Term
| The social control theory by travis hirschi is that there is a bond between individuals and society. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is often measured in terms of recidivism. |
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Definition
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Term
| The condition, the person suffering is described as having disjointed thinking and possibly experiencing delusions and hallucinations. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is a condition which the person suffering from it is said to be out of touch with reality. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is a person having a personality disorder, Manifested in aggressively antisocial behavior |
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Definition
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Term
| This is a Psychological principle that holds the frequency of any behavior may be increased or decreased through rewards, punishment and/or association with other stimuli. |
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Definition
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