Term
| 3 types of plate boundaries |
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Definition
| divergent, convergent, and transform |
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Term
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Definition
| layers of earth's interior (inner core, outer core, mantle, & lithosphere) |
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Term
| how is earth's magnetic field made? |
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Definition
| dynono effect: the outer core moves around the inner core creating the magnetic poles |
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Definition
| Harry Hess found the magnetic strips along the sea floor |
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Definition
| first to mapt he ocean floor and see the magnetic polar reversals in the ocean floor |
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Term
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Definition
| Earth was a super continent (Pangea) and proposed the idea of continental drift |
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Term
| Evidenceof continental drift |
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Definition
| living organisms, fossils, shape of continent, and glaciers |
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Term
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Definition
| inorganic, defined chemical composition, solid, naturally occuring, and ordered atomic structure |
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Term
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Definition
| igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic |
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Term
| disgnostic tools between minerals |
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Definition
| fracture/cleavage plains, hardness (Moh's hardness scale), texture/habit, and luster |
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Term
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Definition
| HIGH silica, high in Al, Na, & K. |
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Term
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Definition
| LOW silica, high in Fe & Mg. |
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Term
| Levels of felsic & mafic rocks |
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Definition
| Ultra Mafic, Mafic, Intermediate, and Felsic |
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Term
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Definition
| what temperature & pressure a mineral occurs in an igneous & magma flow. |
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Term
| FIRST in Bowne's reaction series |
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Definition
| olivine & Calcium Pagioclasts |
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Term
| LAST in Bowen's reaction series |
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Definition
| muscovite, andesite, & K-feldspar |
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Term
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Definition
| meaing fire, melted magama |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
cools beneath earth's surface
Ex: gabro (M), diorite (INT,), & granite (F). |
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Term
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Definition
cools above the earth's surface, cools quickly with fine grains.
Ex: basalt (M), andesite (INT.), & rhyolite (F). Or lava, or pyroclastic debri. |
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Term
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Definition
measure of lava's resitance to flow
high: honey, moves slow
low: water, moves fast |
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Term
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Definition
steep, layers of lava & tephra, intra.-felsic, HIGH visocsity, low flow, lahars, HIGH gas, HIGH danger.
EX; Mt. St. Helens. |
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Term
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Definition
flat, LOW viscoity, effusive eruption, basalt lava, LOW gas, laterally expansive, cycle eruptions
Ex: Hawaii |
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Term
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Definition
| Fissures, Hawaiian, Stomolian, Volcanian, Palean, Pilian, & Ultra-Pilian |
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Term
| Volitiles (gas) in an explosion |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 most common explosive rock types |
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Definition
| lava, pyroclastic debri, & volities |
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Term
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Definition
| lapilli, bombs, ash, lahars, nuee ardenta, & pyroclastic flow |
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Term
| fractional crystallization |
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Definition
| as magma cools from a melt, low silicate minerals first fromed ny increasing more silica rich minerals, is Bowen's reaction series |
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Term
| 2 types of volcanic eruption |
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Definition
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Term
| how do flood basalts form |
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Definition
| a mantle plume with extrme heat on the base fo the crust. |
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Term
| threats of a volcanic eruption |
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Definition
| earthquakes, lahars, global climate change, & pyroclastic debri |
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Term
| e differnet kinds of material that errupt from a volcano |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
unconsildated air-fall amterial produced by volcan regardless of size
ex:ash, lapilli, or bombs |
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Term
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Definition
| no magma, pyroclastic debri, bombs, steep sided, |
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Term
| clastic sedimentary rocks |
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Definition
| are classified by grain size & form in tectonic basins |
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Term
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Definition
| record evidence of the geological history, allow insight in the mechanics of surface processes, & provide important reservoirs that trp economic fluids & gases. |
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Term
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Definition
causes crystals to align in a preferred orientation
UNLESS the minerals are equant |
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Term
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Definition
| the development of a preferred orientation of large, flaky mica crystal within a metamorphic rock |
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Term
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Definition
| slaty clevage, schistosity and compositional banding |
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Term
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Definition
| a mineral within a metamorphic rock that can be used to provide a narrow constraint on the temperature and pressure of foliation of the rock |
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Term
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Definition
| process of low-grade metamorphic rocks being altered to form high-grade metamorphic rocks |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of high-grade metamorphic rocks being altered to form low-grade metamoprhic rocks |
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Term
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Definition
| hydrothermal metamorphism alteration in metamorphic rock induced by reaction with hot groundwater |
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Term
| thermal metamorphisn occurs... |
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Definition
| in areas surrounding igneous intrusions |
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Term
| foliated metamorphic rocks |
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Definition
| planar fabric consisting of mineral grains in preferred orientations or preferred patterns of association (banding) |
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