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| descriptions that don't involve numbers or measurements |
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| making a forecast about the what will in happen in the future based on past experience or evidence |
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| the different ways scientists study the natural world; ongoing process of discovery inscience |
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| posing questions, developing hypotheses, designing experiments, collecting and interpreting data, drawing conclusions, and communicating ideas and results |
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| possible answer to a scientific question or explanation for a set of observations |
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| factors that can change in an experiment |
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| independent variable; purposely changed |
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| dependent variable; expected to change because of the manipulated variable |
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| facts, figures, other evidence gathered through observations |
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| statement that describes what scientists expect to happen every time under a particular set of conditions |
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| well-tested explanation for a wide range of observations or experimental results |
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| a way of changing the natural world to meet human needs or solve problems |
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| a substance made of two or more elements chemically combined |
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| a combination of symbols that shows the ratio of elements in acompound |
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| the smallest particle of an element |
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| a measure of the force of gravity on an object |
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| a measure of how much matter is an object |
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| the amount of space that matter occupies |
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| the measurement of how much mass of a substance is contained in a given volume |
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| the force that holds two atoms together |
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| a state of matter that has a definite volume and definite shape |
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| a state of matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape |
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| a state of matter with no definite shape or volume |
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| the relationship between the temperature and volume of a gas at constant pressure; when temperature increases, volume increases |
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| the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature; when volume increases, pressure decreases |
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| a term used to describe the relationship between two variables whose graph is a straight line passing through the point (0,0) |
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| a term used to describe the relationship between two variables whose graph form a curve that slolpes downward from left to right |
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| the total energy of a substance's or material's particles due to their movement or vibration |
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| the central core of an atom containing protons and usually neutrons |
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| small uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom |
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| small, positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom |
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| a tiny, negatively charged, high-energy particle that moves in the space outside the nucleus of an atom |
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| a unit of measurement for the mass of particles in atoms |
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| the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
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| a representation of the number of valence electrons in an atom, using dots placed around the symbol of an element |
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| the electrons that are farthest away from the nucleus of an atom and involved in chemical reactions |
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| an atom with the same number of porotons and different number of neutrons from other atoms of teh same element |
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| elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table; also called a group |
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| horizontal row of elements in the periodic table |
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| material that can be pounded into shapes |
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| material that can be pulled out, or drawn, into a long wire |
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| a molecule composed of two atoms |
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| an element in Group 18 of the periodic table |
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| the elements in Group 17 of the periodic table |
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| the attraction between two oppositely charged ions |
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| a chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons |
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| a place or object used for comparison to determine if an object is in motion |
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| the state i nwhich one object's distance from another is changing |
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| the distance an object travels in one unit of time |
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| speed in a given direction |
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| the steepness, or slant, of a line on a graph |
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| the rate at which velocity changes |
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| a force that one surface exerts on another when the two rub against each other |
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| the tendency of a moving object to continue in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place |
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| a force that causes an object to move in a circle |
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| the product of force and distance when a force is used to move an object |
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| a unit of work equal to one newton-meter |
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| ideal mechanical advantage |
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| the mechanical advantage that a machine would have without friction |
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| actual mechanical advantage |
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| the mechanical advantage that a machine provides in a real situation |
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| the percentage of the input work that is converted to output work |
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| a simple machine consisting a flat surface with one end higher than the other |
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| a simple machine consisting a flat surface with one end higher than the other |
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| a simple machine consisting of two circular or cylindrical objects that are fastened together and rotate about a common axis |
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| a simple machine oconsisting of a device that is thick at one end and taperes to a thin edge at the other |
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| a simple machine consisting of a grooved wheel around which is wrapped a rope, chain, or cable |
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| a simple machine that consists of an inclined plane wrapped around a central cylinder to form a spiral |
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| a simple machine consisting of a rigid object that pivots about a fixed point |
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| the rate at which work is done or the rate at which one form of energy is converted into another |
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| energy that is stored and held in readiness |
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| the ability to do work or cause change, such as moving an object some distance |
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| gravitational potential energy |
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| potential energy that depends on the height of the object |
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| the number of times the force exerted on a machine is multiplied by the machine |
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| energy an object has because of its motion |
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| the process of changing one form of energy into another |
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| the spinning of Earth on its axis |
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| the movement of one object around another |
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| a full moon when Earth is directly between the moon and the sun |
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| occurs when moon passes directly between Earth and sun |
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| hardened rock formed from huge lava flows that occurred between three and four billion years ago |
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| large round pits formed by volcanoes or impacts of meteoroids |
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| when a satellite orbits Earth above the equator at the same rate as Earth rotates and thus stays over the same place on Earth all the time |
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| oval shape, which may be elongated or nearly circular |
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| equals Earth's average distance from the sun |
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| process by which sun produces energy |
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| the inner layer of the sun's atmosphere |
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| the middle layer of the sun's atmoshere; color sphere |
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| increased by solar flare which can cause magnetic storms on Earth |
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| electromagnetic radiation |
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| energy that can travel through space in the form of waves |
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| Hertzspurng-Russel diagram |
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| the graph used by astronomers to find the relationship between temperature and the absolute brightness of stars |
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| the core of the original store cooled |
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| remians of high-mass stars; small and dense |
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| object with gravity so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape |
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| huge group of single stars, star systems, star clusters, dust, and gas bound together by gravity |
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