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| explaining the social in terms of the natural; biological determinism |
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| male or female; heterosexuality assumed; no transgenders |
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| social construction built around sex |
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| sexual desire, preference, identity, and behavior |
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| 1-3 in every 1000 babies have ambiguous genitalia; are assigned a gender based on biological tests; |
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| "Born into the wrong body." Mental disorder that can be treated/cured with surgery or mental health care. Most severe problem is social issues. |
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| Structuralist Functionalism on Gender |
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| Essentialist; assumes binary gender; differences between the sexes ensure a stable society; does not explain adaptation or change |
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| What type of family is ideal for reproducing workers? |
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| Conflict Theory on Gender |
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| focuses on unequal power relations between the sexes; capitalism enforces patriarchy; feminism |
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| a nearly universal system involving the subordination of femininity to masculinity |
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| movement to raise consciousness that gender is an organizing principle of life; equality for women and men |
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| Social problem among all women |
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| Radical Feminism (Social Feminism) |
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| Marx + feminism; all social problems come from unequal gender relations; doesn't make sense because sexes can be equal under capitalism |
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| Symbolic Interaction on Gender |
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Definition
| Gender is a product of our daily interactions; we create gender as we "do gender" (play our roles); downplays social structure, power and history |
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| Social construction of gender and sexuality |
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Definition
| "Normal" and "Abnormal" are defined by the social environment, not by nature |
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| behavioral norms of one's sex |
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| starts when a baby is born; example: pink v. blue nurseries |
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| For babies of this sex, adults tend to hold them out, facing the world |
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| For babies of this sex, adults tend to hold them closer and snuggle with them. |
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| 5'4", 163 lbs, size 14/16 |
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Definition
| Average U.S. woman's measurements |
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| Men's ideal size for a woman |
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| Women's ideal size for a woman |
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| Focuses on being married; male gender role = domestic incompetence (can't clean, cook, etc.) |
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| Social identity of someone who sexual attraction and/or relations with someone of the same sex |
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| U.S. estimate of Gay/Lesbian/Bisexual |
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| Here, homosexual relationships were based on power. |
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| Here, homosexual relationships are situational and rape is based on power. |
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| Homosexuality is normal; semen is a vital life force; boys are initiated into manhood through daily fellatio on older boys and men |
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Definition
| What do the people of Sambia believe? |
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Definition
| Cultural representation of heterosexuality as "normal;" nontraditional gender and sexuality is stigmatized and suppressed |
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| 1950s; described how same-sex activities and attraction rates were high; Americans have a wide variety of sexual preferences; includes a sexuality scale; |
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Definition
| Kinsey Sexuality Scale: based on thoughts, behavior and identity |
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| “We do not represent two discrete populations, heterosexual and homosexual. The world is not to be divided into sheep and goats.” |
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Definition
| How did Kinsey explain his sexuality scale? |
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Definition
| group who shares a set of characteristics, said to share a common bloodline |
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| belief that separate races have different and unequal traits |
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| negative thoughts about an ethnic or racial group |
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| Harmful or negative acts or actions against people deemed inferior |
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| High intellect and good character |
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Definition
| According to scientific racism, light skin and small features = ? |
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Term
| Darkening skin and reducing intelligence for generations |
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Definition
| According to scientific racism, what is the sun responsible for? |
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Definition
| Race classified by skull measurements corresponding to traits |
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| Social construction, rather than a biological reality, and only small genetic variations are due to race. |
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| one's ethnic quality of association; based on geographical and cultural differences |
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| voluntary affiliation with an ethnicity; no risk of stigma for middle-class whites |
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