Term
| ___________ is the study of the formation and developement of an embryo and fetus |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| an embryo is developed from three layers of tissue: |
|
Definition
ectoderm
endoderm
mesoderm |
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|
Term
| ectoderm is the _____ layer |
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Definition
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|
Term
| endoderm is the ______ surface |
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Definition
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|
Term
| mesoderm is the _______ core |
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Definition
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Term
| about ____ weeks after conception, bulges appear on either side of the the tissue that will develop in to the neck and head called pharyngeal arches |
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Definition
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|
Term
| each pharyngeal arches contain four components |
|
Definition
artery
muscle
cartilage
nerve |
|
|
Term
the pharyngeal arches:
the ______ forms from the arch arteries |
|
Definition
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|
Term
the pharyngeal arches:
_____ and _____ form from mesoderm |
|
Definition
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|
Term
the pharyngeal arches:
____ form from ectoderm |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the ear forms from ______ anatomical unit serving both hearing and balance |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the ear develops from three different parts |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the cochlear duct begins to coil until it has completed ____ turns and begins to resemble the cochlea |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the tympanic cavity and Eustachian tube develops from Endoderm derived from the ____ Pharyngeal Pouch |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Ossicles develop from ____ and ____ Pharyngeal Arches |
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Definition
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|
Term
| at the begining of the _____ month, ectodermal epitheliam cells form a solid Meatal Plug |
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Definition
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|
Term
| in the _____ month the Meatal Plug dissolves |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the auricle develops from ____ _____ _____ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the external auditory meatus develops from the _______ pharyngeal Cleft |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| developmental abnormalities are usually caused by genetic factors, but _________can interfere with normal development of the Middle Ear or Internal Ear |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Rubella virus can corss the placenta and if during the ____ or ____ week it may cause severe damage to the Cochlea. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| all of the frequently occuring chromosomal syndromes and most of the less common ones have ________as one of their characterisitics |
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Definition
|
|
Term
terminology
towards the front is ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
terminology
towards the back _______ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
terminology
towards the bottom _______ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
terminology
toward the top ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
terminology
away from the midline _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
terminology
toward the midline ________ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the ________ ear is responsible for gathering sounds from acoustical environment and funneling them into teh auditory canal |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the _______ varies from person to person in size and shape (part of the outer ear_ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the pinna is made entirely of ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the anatomy of the auricle is such that it is more effiient at delivering ______ frequency soudns than ____ frequency sounds. |
|
Definition
high frequency sounds
low frequency sounds |
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|
Term
| the pinna also helps in _____ of osunds delivered to the head |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the ______ is the protective flap originating from the front of the pinna and protruding back toard the rear of the pinna |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the ____ is a large cup shaped depression to the rear of and below the tragus which froms the entrance to the ear canal |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the ridged rim along the posterior and superior region of the pinna is the ______ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the _______ is the groove that runs down the posterior portion of the pinna |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the ______ is the prominent ridge anterior from the scaphoid fossa |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| ________ is the inferior most region of antihelix |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the __________ ________ is the most prominent depression in a triangular area formed by branching of antihelix into two crura |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the ________ is a tube formed in teh side of the head, begining at eh concha and extending inward at a slight upward angle for approximately 1 inch in adults |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the outer 1/3 potion of the EAC is __________ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the outer 1/3 of the EAC contains __________ glands |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the outer 1/3 of the EAC secretes _______ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the outer EAC also contains _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
cerumen exits the ear naturally through
-
- |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the inner 2/3 of the EAC pass through the tympanic portion of the ______ bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| there are/are not glands or hair follicles in the inner 2/3 potion of the EAC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the two potions of the EAC meet at the __________ junciton |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| __________ is a joint syndrome produces reffered pain, perceived in ear, which constitutes significant amout of otalgia in adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the angle of the EAC is Slanted _______ in children |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the tympanic membrane is made up of ____ layers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the layers of the TM:
the outer layer is formed by an extension of the epidermal linning of the ______ ______ ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the layers of teh TM:
the inner layer is a contunuation of the _____ lining of the middle ear space |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the middle layer of the TM is composed of a ________ material that is believed to provide support of TM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the two fibers of the TMs middle layer is
-
- |
|
Definition
radial fibers
circular fibers |
|
|
Term
| the ______ - fibers are few in number but also not arranged like they are in other parts of TM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| there is greater density of supportive fibers _____ the pars flaccida where the TM tends to be stiffer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the periphery of the TM is thickened to form a fibrocattilaginous ring called a _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ________ sits in a groove within the auditory meatus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| embedded in fibrous portion of TM is ______ - which is the largest and most lateral middle ear bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| you can divide the TM into ______ quadrants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the point of greatest retraction is called hte ______ of the TM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
at birth the TM is in such a position that it is almost lying on the
________ floor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the outer layer of hte TM migrates from the _______ out |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the pinna function is to : |
|
Definition
collect sound and direct it into the EAC
and localize sound |
|
|
Term
| the EAC carries acoustic signal to the ________ ear. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the inner 2/3 portion of the EAC
protect ______
keep temperature constant
resonator for _____ frequencies
filter for ______ frequencies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| movement of the TM causes identical movement of whaT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
______ is affected in one or both ears very small
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ is the closure of a body orifice that is normally open |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| in aural atresia _____ % of individuals have normal hearing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why odes the surgery happen at 5 years old? |
|
Definition
| ear is closer to full size at this time |
|
|
Term
| _______ is the narrowing of the ear canal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
collasping canals
t/f
a conductive hearing loss may be present |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the human ability to maintian balance depends on information from several body systems are called ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
body systems:
______ - provides direct info from surrounding objects on orientation of the body and depends on the ability of the eyes to see |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
body systems:
_______ - concerns somatosensory stimuli received in tissue from supporting structures such as muscles and tendons of the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
body systems:
________ - relies on forces of gravity and inertia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the vestibular system is composed of:
1
2
3
|
|
Definition
3 semicircular canals
utricle
saccule |
|
|
Term
| there are a total of ____ semicircular canals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| each SCC is ________ contains endolymph and is surrounded by a larger bony cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| all 3 SCC arise from the ______ and return to the utricle through the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at the base of each SCC is a swelling called ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the ampulla contains small aggregations of connective tissue with highly developed ciliated sensory cells called
__________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ are small particles of calcium cabonate in the viscous fluid of the saccule and utricle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
an infection that occurs in the skin of the external auditory canal is called
? |
|
Definition
| external otitis and otitis externa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ is a fungal external ear infecion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ is an infection of the hair follicles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F
anitbiotics and eardrops to treat furuncolisc are unsuccessful in treatment becuase the pocket of inection may be inaccessible |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inflammation of the TM is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bony tumor that does not present a hearing problem unless size occludes ear canal and conductive hearing loss results |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| outward projection for surfaces of bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
surgical repair of the TM
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| thickening and scarring of TM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
while performing this sensory transduciton process, the inner ear analyzes a sound stimulus in terms of its
1.
2.
3
|
|
Definition
frequency
intensity
temporal properties |
|
|
Term
human cochlea contains about ______ afferent neurons
and about _______ efferent neurons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| perilymph is high in ____ and low in _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| endolymph is low in _____ and high in ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ discovered that cochlea generates a sound of its own |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ now allow for the study of cochelar function in animals and humans |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| frequency response of nerve cells in the cochlea arranged so that ______ frequencies are at apical end and ______ frequencies are at basal end |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ behaves as a finely tuned band pass |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IHCs have ____% of the cochlear afferent neurons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ _____ _____ provide the cochea with its exquisite fine tuning properties, allwoing each specific region along hte basilar membrane to be preferentially tuned to one specific frequency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| outer hair cells serve as ______ of the acoustic signal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| disorders of the inner ear cause _______ hearing loss |
|
Definition
| sensorineural hearing loss |
|
|
Term
| malformations of the labyrinth may be ____ or ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
disorders of hearing fall into two categories
-
-
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ means something you are born with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ - several morpholic congenital abnormalities of the inner ear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dysplasias include ________ of the bony labyrinth, membraneous labyrinth, or both |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ means something you inherit from you parents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ ________ dysplasia that accounts for 10% of all hereditary deafness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| usher's syndrome is associated with ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ __________ acocunts fro 2-3% of all cases of conenital deafness in US |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this syndrome is associated with white forelock and widened intercanthal distance eyes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ is a common congenital viral infection which is associated with a number of neurological disorders including hearing loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ refers to thecondition in which the nucleus of the cell contains an extra chromosome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ is a yellow pigment, which is a major end product of hemoglobin metabolism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hyperbilirubinemia is also known as ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ disorders occur after birth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ _______ is believed to play a role in some caes of otherise unexplained heraing loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ are at rish for SNHL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ hearing loss is excessive noise that can cause permanent damage to the cochlea |
|
Definition
| noise induced hearing loss |
|
|
Term
| the loss is of chochlear origin and is most pronounced in the vicinity of ____ kHz |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ ______ is hearing loss after exposure to long and intense sound often is transient in nature and over time normal hearing returns |
|
Definition
| temporary threshold shift |
|
|
Term
| ____ ___ _____ is accompanied by irreversible cochlear damage |
|
Definition
| permanent threshold shift |
|
|
Term
| cochlear concussion results from a blow to the head not severe enough to cause a _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ is the term that has been traditionally applied to the HL that normallly accompanies aging |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| idiopahtic endolymphatic hydrops - _____ disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
symptoms of meniere's
-
-
-
-
|
|
Definition
roaring tinnitus
vertigo
hearing loss
aural fullness |
|
|
Term
| ____ _____ is a benign tumor that is usually not of auditory nerve origin nor is it a neuroma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if the tumor is a ______ it typically arises from the vestibular nerve within the internal auditory meatus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F
tinnitus is a disease |
|
Definition
false
it is a symptom of a wide range of disorders |
|
|
Term
| ____% of US adults report having tinnitus at one time or another |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 elements of the vestibular system |
|
Definition
vision
inner ear
musculature
cerebellum |
|
|
Term
| SCC detech _____ acceleration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the utricle and saccule detect _____ acceleration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ is a reflexive eye movement in response to head movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the feeling that you or your surroundings are moving when there is no actual movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| short bouts of vertigo that occur after head movement |
|
|
Term
| meniere's episode usually lasts for ____ hours |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| meniere's disease is preceded by _____ in one ear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| viral infection of the nerve with dysfunction on one side with no associated hearing loss - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| infection of the entire inner ear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____% of all medications cause dizziness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 types of energy throughtout the entire ear? |
|
Definition
accoustic
mechanical
hydralic
neural |
|
|
Term
| the vibrating area of the TM is ____ to ____ times that of the oval window |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increased pressure and lever action of the malleus results in pressure increase at oval window ____ times |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| patients who claim to have hearing loss but actually have normal hearing sensitivity or a lesser hearing loss than is portrayed is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reasons for erroneous hearing loss |
|
Definition
lawsuits
workers comp
children |
|
|
Term
two common symptoms of auditory nerve disorders are
-
-
|
|
Definition
tinnitus
high frequency sensorineural hearing loss |
|
|
Term
| lesions on the VIIIth nerve may occur as a result of ____, ____, _____, on the nerve trunk |
|
Definition
disease
irritation
pressure |
|
|
Term
etiologies for these include
-
-
-
-
|
|
Definition
tumor
meningitis
hemorrhage
trauma |
|
|
Term
| auditory nerve tumors is a term usually applied is called ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acoustic neuroma is small if ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acoustic neuroma is considered medium if ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acoustic neuroma are ____% unilateral |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ - may cause dozens or even hundred of neuromas in different parts of the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ is a auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ patients that have normal ouer hair cell function but responses on the VIIIth nerve that carries electrical signals to the brain fail to occur in synchrony |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
patients with ANSD do/do not benifit from hearing aids
they do/ do not benifit from cochlear implants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| patients with _____ present with complaints of decreased hearing abilities, although routine hearing evalutations indicate normal peripheral hearing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN ____ is the smallest nerve with fewer axons than any other cranial nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
