Term
|
Definition
Organize around formal modes of social stratification.
Common for men to outrank women.
Inequality may be based on human attributes such as age and gender. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Measure of variability, developed by Italian statician & demographer Corrado Gini, used to measure income distribution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| System of social stratification based on income or possession of wealth and resources. Individual social mobility is possible. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| System of social stratification based on assignment at birth to the ranked social or occupational groups of parents. There is no mobility from one caste to another, and intermarriage may be forbidden. |
|
|
Term
| Cultural/Social Construct |
|
Definition
| How society groups people and how it privileges certain groups over others. For example you are a woman or a man because society tells you that you are not because you choose to be. Simple as that. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The practice of producing inexpensive products by building factories and hiring workers abroad. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The means of production include both the technology or tools with which production is being completed (means of labor) and the raw materials that are being transformed during production (subject of labor). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term suggested by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels for the portion of a person’s labor that is retained as profit by those who control the means of production. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A social system in which people’s success in life depends on primarily on their talents, abilities, and effort. The idea of a meritocracy has served as in ideology through the argument that social inequality results from unequal merit rather than prejudice and discrimination. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Based not on biological characteristics but instead on cultural differences that are assessed to be insurmountable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anthropologist upholded Social Darwinism. He believed brain size is related to intelligence (mid 19th century). He collected 1000s of skulls. He filled skull with lead then emptied it and weighed it to figure out brain size. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Phrase coined by Oscar Lewis to describe the lifestyle and worldview of people who inhabit urban and rural slums. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Exchanges among closely related individuals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Physical and/or psychological harm (including repression, environmental destruction, poverty, hunger, illness, and premature death) caused by exploitative and unjust social, political, and economic systems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Perhaps one of the most well-known examples of critically engaged approach to medical anthropology is Paul Farmer's (2003) work with tuberculosis and HIV/AIDs in Haiti. As an anthropologist-physician, he combines ethnographic work with advocacy to illuminate what he feels is the true source of disease amongst impoverished Haitians: structural violence. "Racism and related sentiments...underlie the current lack of resolve to address the distribution of AIDS and tuberculosis squarely. It is not sufficient to change attitudes, but attitudes do make other things change". Thus, through the lens of active engagement, activism is necessary in order to make visible the links between "violence, suffering, and power" so that we may aid those being oppressed through structural violence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gave the white population justification to continue slavery. Blacks were childlike and adaptable to many situations, including slavery. Enslaved Africans were less intelligent and unclever enough to get caught. Regional diversity of slaves meant there was no common cultural background among them. Any residual African traits would be inferior and slaves would favor superior European customs. “The negro is this a man without a past.” Scholars who opposed the “myth” Melville Herskovits, Carter G. Woodson, and W. E. B. Du Bois. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A member of a nomadic people who live chiefly by hunting, fishing, and harvesting wild food. Oldest subsistence form for humans- viewed as a form of savage or uncivilized culture or lifestyle. Most HG groups didn’t have a leaders- no chief or headman- age usually only form of difference between people. Most HG societies were egalitarian- no rules usually existed in this kind of society. Most HG systems did not use market society. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Technology, economy and military, made others look like primitive, living history of man. Sociocultural Evolution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A measurement of population per unit area or unit volume; it is a quantity of type number density. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particular to human. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Both a process underway in all societies and a field of study in anthropology which has undergone complex development and several important transformations. |
|
|
Term
| Factory Model of Agriculture |
|
Definition
| Energy-intensive, ecology damaging form of agriculture intended to grow or raise as many crops/livestock as possible in shortest period of time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| funnels money from less rich to more rich, increases inequality, creates profit for those who lend money. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How item are transported for a good. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Agricultural methods that incorporate indigenous practices of food production that preserve the environment along with contemporary agricultural research. |
|
|
Term
| Interpersonal Theory of Disease |
|
Definition
| View of disease in which it is assumed that illness is caused by tensions or conflicts in social relations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of international integration arising from the interchange or world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A constant process of finding ways to make some good or service available on the market |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Means of production, common in the 16th and 17th centuries and surviving today, in which a manufacturer or merchant supplies the materials and sometimes the tools to workers, who produce the goods in their own homes. |
|
|
Term
| Structural Adjustment Programs |
|
Definition
The policies implemented by the IMF and the World Bank in developing countries. Ex. “Weatherford’s Cocaine and the Economic Deteriorzation of Bolivia” no luck trying to dissuade the country from cocaine production. |
|
|
Term
| Gross Domestic Product (GPI) |
|
Definition
| Total of all goods and service bought and sold in a given year. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Removal of barriers to the free flow of goods and capital b/t nations by eliminating import/export taxes or subsidies paid to farmers and businessmen. It may also mean reducing environmental or social laws when they restrict the flow of goods and capital. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Economic philosophy that argues for minimal government involvement in the economy and greatly accelerated economic growth. Argued that well-being is best served by liberating individual entrepreneurs to operate in a framework of strong property rights, free markets, and free trade. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Costs or benefits or economic transactions that are not included in prices. These may include the environmental, social, or political consequences of market transactions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organization which “aims to lower tariffs and non-tariff barriers so as to increase international trade”. NGOs and poor countries fear that further liberalization of trade will only benefit rich countries. Neoliberal. |
|
|
Term
| 'Heart' for Vice Lords of Chicago |
|
Definition
| Lincoln Keiser worked in 1960s with the Vice Lords, a Chicago street gang, he concluded that boys joined gangs because alone they could not protect themselves from shakedowns or safeguard their interests in girls. Whereas the Yanomamö encouraged waiteri- fierceness- the Vice Lords valued heart- a willingness to follow any suggestion regardless of personal risk. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thomas Hobbes. 1651- Leviathan- without a king, people will kill each other- life would be “nasty, brutish, and short”. He claims that people are naturally greedy and selfish. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| David Rhode created this system which was launched by the US military to give US soldiers better understanding of cultural landscape. Idea of if anthropology was changing military or vice versus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| War: Armed combat among different communities. Feud: armed combat within a community, usually one kin group taking revenge against another kin group. |
|
|
