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| head of great electrical empire-Participated in dicey business, one company buys stock from other companies. One company falls, the rest begin to fall as well. |
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| Republican "Golden Boy", prominent in WWI-food relief program...Depression: pushed corp. liberalism, crash of stock market one year after elected, fails to address problem to citizens. Shacks all over U.S. during Depression called "Hoovervilles". |
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| Franklin D. Roosevelt (Great Depression) |
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| Democrat-sweeping victory in 1932, announces New Deal, attempted to restore consumer power, banks re-opened, emergency banking relief bill. |
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| economic growth--argued modern industrial economies needed to prime pump to grow economically |
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| logo of NRA in Great Depression, symbol of Roosevelt's political purpose--everyone pulling together |
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| basic people depicted - musicians, artists, folk-singers - Woody Guthrie |
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| 67 year old physician, helped elderly w/ money, not clear where money would come from |
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| radio priest-Detroit. turned against FDR & New Deal, anti-semitism, (controlled by Jewish conspiracy), nationalization of banking system and massive inflation to put $ in hands of all people |
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| Charismatic politician, King Fish of Louisiana, flamboyant, corrupt, "save our wealth plan"--guarantees annual income of $2500 to all working people and a house w/ value of $5000, levy 100% tax on incomes over 1 million... assassinated. |
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| flirted with communist party as solution to Great Depression, argues for overhaul of American system, distribution of wealth, destruction of corp. power, socialist revolution. |
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| founded in 1934, reshape American society along socialist lines and interested in re-shaping American culture, popularize modern art & literature |
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| 1936, help stop advancement of European Facism (Hitler, Mussolini), help gain influence in shaping public policy by allying w/ moderate elements on political spectrum---re-introduce American life |
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| works progress administration (1935), employ over 2-million jobless, road maintenance, appropriated 5 billion dollars (1/2 of governments total expenditures) |
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| Social Security Act of 1935 |
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| more cautious in approach, more lasting in influence- one of great achievements of New Deal, national system of old age insurance, funded on tax of workers wages & equivalent tax on employees, covered nearly ever one by 1970 |
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| "National Labor Relations Act"-minor partner in corporate liberalism, outlaws company unions, creates National Labor Relations Board -workers have free choice in bargaining operations |
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| Facist leader of Italy (1920s-30s), policy of expansion, invade Ethiopia |
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| 1933 comes to power, rebuild German military (nazis), "Today Germany, Tomorrow the World", authoritarian, nationalist |
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| agreed to let Hitler take over Czechoslovakia & Hitler agrees to stop taking other countries - collapsed in 1939 |
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| German-Soviet Non-Agression Pact |
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| surprising b/c Hitler & Stalin hated on another politically, HUGE sign of trouble, Germans invaded Poland-whole reason for agreement w/ Soviets, destroy Polish Military |
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| tradition of American foreign policy, mind own business don't get involved, broke this in WWI-disillusioned, becomes dominant in American during WWII |
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| policy of cooperation among nations, |
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| "America First" Committee |
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| Group that was against the war-isolationism, rallies, political gatherings. Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh-chairperson |
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| Roosevelt/Allies, provision to lend/lease military supplies to England, prop up England, protect |
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| Japan, Germany, Italy-line up against Democracy of west |
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| December 7, 1941-Japanese bomb American harbor. Destroyed fleet and killed many soldiers and civilians. War declaration speech on Dec. 8--massive 2-front war (Europe and Asia) |
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| Normandy, France-soldiers land in europe, begin to push back Germany w/ Canada and England (early June, 1944) |
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| famous essay, editor of Time/Life magazines--"The American Century" - U.S. ready to assume leadership of the world |
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| Western response to Hitler, describe policy w/ English prime minister-Chamberlin, give Hitler what he already had taken over so he didn't proceed to take more, dangerous--gave lesson for Cold War era |
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| stay out of foreign affairs |
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| chewing gum, very shrewd businessman, gum was basic war time commodity, contract with army-alleviate thirst, keep teeth clean, put in rations, demand for gum after war |
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| "We can do it!"-Woman in the workplace-industry |
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| Nash Kelvinator Refrigerators |
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| state-of-the-art, everyone in middle-class had one in home, ads for women, consumer comfort |
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| tie ads to war effort, V-homes (victory homes) |
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| Shirley uses face cream, waiting for Barney to come home from war |
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| "How American it is to want something better!" |
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| famous journalist, soldiers reporter w/ Marines in Pacific, carried gun/lived in trenches like real soldier, "defending home" many soldiers said of war, missed blueberry pie, whiskey, movies, etc., consumer vision of American life, crusade of American consumerism and comfort of American life. |
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| clearinghouse for private contracts to film companies, artists, writers, ad agencies, etc.--propaganda, posters, hatred of America's enemies, etc. |
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| forced west-coast Japanese-Americans to move to internment camps, thought to be traitors |
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| "Unconditional Surrender" |
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| policy stated in Casablanca Conference- no treaty to work things out, just surrender |
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| conference in which "unconditional surrender" was stated |
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| structure of American economy, prosperity linked to war products, economy good after war, |
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| meeting of Allies, postwar--Soviets agree to enter Pacific war against Japan, U.S. agrees to let Soviets to create a friendly Eastern Europe |
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| (Fulton, MO)--Churchill says Soviets put up curtain, U.S. & allies bulk up military to fight back |
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| "get tough w/ soviets", slightest sign of aggression, U.S. would be there to fight back |
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| East-Soviets=communist, West-U.S., English, French=democratic, U.S. airlifts supplies into Eastern Germany, Soviets back down create wall |
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| contain expansion of communism, pushed in American Policy |
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| named after George Marshall, economic maneuver w/ economies in Europe, communist infiltratino b/c of poor economies, U.S. poured $12 billion to help rebuild economies |
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| north atlantic treaty organization--mutual defense alliance, American nuclear arsenal hanging around in case of trouble, make military fence around Soviets to help contain |
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| slang for "U.S. had to be willing to go to nuclear war to stop Communism" |
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| secretary of state under Dwight D. Eisenhower |
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| gov't institution, 1950s, new kind of armor abroad-engage in specifically infiltrated gov'ts abroad. take down countries that don't like U.S., Allen Dulles (brother of John) head of CIA |
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| before this U.S. did not have unified command structure--Department of Defense 1947, centralized structure, createion of set of connections w/ industry and military, creation of enormous weapons-Boeing |
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began in 1950, rooted at end of WWII, country divided
North=communist, sympathetic to Soviets and Red China,
South=more aligned w/ U.S. and capitalist Democracies to west |
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| House on American Activities Committee, goest after hints of Communism |
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| accused of being a communist, denies, but convicted of lying |
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| accused of being spies for the Soviet Union-nuclear spies |
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| senator, rid of communists in Federal gov., alcoholic/maniac, McCarthyism-hysteria of communists hiding every where, accused U.S. army of being filled with traitors, army/McCarthy hearings televised |
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| smothering, by conformity (1950s) |
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| passed 1944, looking toward service, provide safety net in post-war era, |
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| passed 1956, massive network, all over country, link up major cities, truck traffic very new/important, expansion of auto industry, tourism/travel, fast food/service industry |
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| International Telephone & Telegraph, bought out many companies to make one large corporation w/ odd companies (bakery, car rental, real estate, etc) |
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| 2 big unions previously competitors, merge to provide counter-weight of economy, steady raises yearly, cost of living adjustments |
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| great wave of suburbs after war, connection to consumerism, display goods |
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| enormous growth of kids, family size grows larger, children part of consumer market |
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| pediatrician that wrote book about baby care, 1946, 1st edition sells out in 2 weeks, hundreds of traditions still today--put children first, positive reinforcement, instant gratification of kids |
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| teach about life in numerous ways, 2 little boys, family emphasis in the suburbs |
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| very popular, shell of family involvement but cowboys were loners dealing with own problems-individualism |
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| slapstick comedy- ethnic tension, gender tension! |
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| writer on social issues, flaccid middle-class culture/values |
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| wild music and dancing, do not film below waist b/c of provocative movements |
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| literary side of dissent against middle America |
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| younger Americans striking out against middle-class, Hollywood "rebel without a cause" |
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| idealistic organization, volunteer in 3rd world countries, economies |
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| w/ Soviet Union, try to ban nuclear testing & production |
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| network of legal restrictions, blacks and whites segregated -- Civil Rights movement |
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| young, eloquent Baptist preacher, strategy for Civil Rights: non-violence, peaceful civil-disobedience, sit-ins, marches, etc. |
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| Brown v. Board of Education |
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| lawsuit of segregation of public schools, separate but equal-unconstitutional |
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| test situation put together w/in transportation, blacks had to sit in back of bus even if seats available, Rosa Parks sat in front and refused to move and arrested, boycott of buses-bring about economic pressure |
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| 250-500 thousand, Lincoln memorial to Washington Monument to Capital Building," I Have a Dream" speech |
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| rent large buses, fill w/ Civil Rights workers, drive through South, tremendous backlash against by white segregationists--set buses on fire |
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| mid-1960s, critic of civil rights movement, criticized march on Washington |
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| Stokley Carmicheal, non-violence, black power instead of freedom |
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| Watts Riots of 1965-L.A. many deaths and injuries, goes up in smoke "burn baby burn", Detroit, damage reminded of Berlin at ended of WWII |
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| late 1960s, armed, gave very fiery speeches |
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| "The Feminine Mystique", criticize feminine ideals, women had no alternatives |
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| turn toward radicalism for rights, men are superior oppressors of women, women's liberation |
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| when one country falls to communism, more will fall afterwards (Vietnam) |
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| Mekong Delta Campaign, 1967 |
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| crusade to clear Mekong Delta area of Vietcong, sent a lot of troops, ended up being a failure, American troops devastated farm-land in the area |
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| National Liberation Front, Southern Vietnamese for the northern army, guerrilla and regular army forces |
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| large attack all over South by North Vietnamese, Americans thought war was just about over but were lied to, attacked U.S. embassy, set in big doubts of war |
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| 1968 Democratic Convention |
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| won election of 1968, ran as anti-hippie candidate, defended the silent majority, did not protest, worked hard, flexible w/ policies, had to deal with Vietnam |
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| kind of accommodation w/ the Soviets, serious arms control |
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| scandal of Nixon, 1972 election, runs again against McGovern, biggest electoral victory, men of Nixon go steal paperwork of McGovern, caught and arrest, Nixon resigns |
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| succeeded Nixon, chosen to be V.P. when Agnew resigned, big trouble right away (pardoned Nixon from trials), severe recession, high inflation, stocks fall |
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| nominated by Democrats in '76, evangelical Christian, tried to distance self from anti-war ways of Democratic party, human-rights policy, Stagflation |
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| tremendous structural problem--describe economic problem, stagnation= de-industrialization, inflation= currency worth less |
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| Iranian revolutionaries assault embassy, hold 60-75 hostages, Carter frustrates Iranians, U.S. becomes agitated-can't deal with situation--U.S. in state of decay-Carter takes heat for it. |
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| former Hollywood actor, elected in 1980 as Republican, confident, optimistic, old-fashioned patriot , |
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| cutting taxes, spending, etc. grass-roots conservative |
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| growing backlash against 1960s, traditional protestant, religious values, disturbed by hippies, sexual revolution, etc. |
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| kind of government policies friendly to families |
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| economic endeavor and population moving south-Florida, Texas & California, more conservative values |
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| 1985 chosen as head of Soviet Union, determined to liberalize communism, open up system, politically and economically, appoint new young reformers |
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| labor movement in Poland, anti-communist, turns against government, communists resign |
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| 1989, symbolic gesture showing collapse of Soviet-Communist government, Gorbachev thrown out of office |
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| great majority of Americans began to pull back from dissent and movement to rebuild American values, anti-communism, backlash to 1960s |
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| Public Works Administration- (roads), use government spending to stimulate economy |
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| Tennessee Valley authority- bring electricity to region for first time |
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| National Recovery Agency- draft codes of competition, limit production, assigned markets, set prices |
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| Security Exchange Commission- corporate leaders/businesses did not like FDR, not trying to reform modern capitalism but restore it, |
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