Term
|
Definition
| formally established group of people born during a certain timespan that move through age grades together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an organized category of people based on age, every individual passes through a series of such categories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| societies in which people are divided into social tiers, do not share equally in basic resources that support life, influence, prestige |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| society where everyone has about equal access to power and basic resources |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| closed social class, in which membership is determined by birth, fixed for life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what people in a stratified society say about others in their society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stratified society-activities and possessions indicitive of a social class |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relatively small, loosely organized kin ordered group, inhabiting a specific territory that may split into smaller family groups that are politically independent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| range of kin ordered groups that are politically integrated by some unifying factor and whose members share a common ancestry, identity, culture, language, territory, density 250 people per square mile, crop cultivation, and herding |
|
|
Term
| segementary lineage system |
|
Definition
| rare form of kin ordered orgianization in which a tribal group is split into several branches made up of clans or major lineages, each of which is further divided into minor and minimal lineages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regional polity in which two or more local groups are organized under a single chief who is head of the people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| centralized political system that has the capacity and authority to make laws and maintain social order. first occured 5000 years ago. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a people who share a collective identity based on culture, language, territorial base, history |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| control through beliefs and values deeply internalized in the minds of individuals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| external control through open coercion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| externalized social controls designed to encourage conformity to social norms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formal negative sanctions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the use of direct argument in compromise by parties to a disbute to arrive voluntarily at a mutually satisfactory agreement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| settlement of dispute through a negotiation assisted by an unbiased third party |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mediation with an unbiased third party making the final decision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the right of political leaders to govern, to hold, use, and allocate power based on the values a particular society holds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| several gods and goddesses of a people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| belief that nature is livened or energized by distinct personalized spirit, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| belief that nature is livened or energized by supernatural potency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a person who enters an altered state of consciousness at will to contact and utilize an ordinarily hidden reality in order to acquire knowledge, power, or help others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rituals that mark important stages in individuals life cycle such as birth marriage and death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in rites of passage the ritual removal of individual from society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in rites of passage, isolation of individual following separation and prior to incorporation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in rites of passage reincorporation of individual into society in his/her new status |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rituals that take place during a crisis in the life of a group serving to bind individuals together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| magic based on the principle that like produces like (sympathetic magic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| magic based on the principle that once in contact can influence each other after they are broken |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| magical procedure or spiritual ritual designed to find out about what is not knowable by ordinary means such as telling future by interpreting omens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movements for radical cultural reform in response to widespread social disruption and collective feelings of despair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spiritual movements in melanesia in reaction to disruptive contact with western capitalism promising resurrection of deceased relatives, destruction or enslavement of white foreigners,and magical arrival of riches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| creation, invention, or chance discovery or new idea, method, device |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| new and deliberate application or modification of an existing method idea or device |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spread of certain ideas, customs, practices from one custom to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| massive cultural changes that people are forced to make as a consequence of intensive firsthand contact between their own group and another, often more powerful society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in culturation the blending of indigenous and foreign traits to form a new system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| public policy for managing cultural diversity in a multi-ethnic society officially stressing mutual respect and tolerance for cultural differences and a country's border |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| power that organizes and orchestrates the systematic interaction within and among societies directing economic and political forces on the one hand, and idealogical forces that shape public ideas, values, and beliefs on the other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| coercive power that is backed up by economic and military force |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pressing others through attraction and persuasion to change their ideas, beliefs, behaviors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| physical and or psychological harm caused by exploitative and unjust social, political, economic systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| birth rates and death rates in equilibrium and people produce only enough offspring to replace themselves when they die |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of keyboard to promaote efficency and progress |
|
|
Term
| Guatemalan Cultural Pluralism |
|
Definition
| government used violence to maintain contol of the Ladino over the mayan. |
|
|
