Term
| Velopharyngeal-nasal and Pharyngeal-oral |
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Definition
| Two functional divisions of supraglottal airway |
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Term
| Pterygopharyngeus, Buccopharyngeus, Mylopharyngeus, Glossopharyngeus |
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Definition
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Term
| Chondropharyngeus and Ceratopharyngeus |
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Definition
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Term
| Thyropharyngeus and Cricopharyngeus |
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Definition
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Term
| Salpingopharyngeus, Stylopharyngeus, and Palatopharyngeus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Constrict upper part of pharynx |
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Term
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Definition
| Constrict middle part of pharynx |
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Term
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Definition
| Constrict lower part of pharynx |
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Term
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Definition
| Pulls the lateral wall of pharyngeal upward and inward to decrease pharyngeal width |
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Term
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Definition
| Pulls upward on pharynx and larynx and pulls the lateral walls of the pharynx away from midline, effectively widening pharyngeal lumen |
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Term
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Definition
| Upper fivers pull lateral walls of pharynx inward; lower fibers pull upward on lateral walls of pharynx moving pharynx and larynx upward and forward |
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Term
| Palatal levator, Palatal tensor, Uvulus, Glossopalatine, Pharyngopalatine |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Opens auditory tube, increases tension in soft palate |
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Term
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Definition
| Shortens and raises velum |
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Term
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Definition
| Depresses velum and elevates tongue |
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Term
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Definition
| Narrows pharyngeal cavity |
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Term
| anatomical constraints imposed by interconnections to structures below and acoustic requirements necessary to ensure the appropriate nasality of utterance |
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Definition
| Why does velopharyngeal closure vary with vowel height? |
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Term
| Airway resistance, sphincter compression, acoustic impedance |
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Definition
| Velopharyngeal-nasal control variables |
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Term
| Velopharyngeal-nasal airway resistance |
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Definition
| Airflow dependent opposition to mass flow of air across the velopharyngeal port, nasal cavities, and outer nose; Varies from less than 1.0 cm/H20/ LPS (wide open) to infinity (complete obstruction) |
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Term
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Definition
| Force required to maintain airtight velopharngeal closure; muscular pressure must exceed magnitude of air pressure difference across velopharyngeal sphincter to prevent opening |
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Term
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Definition
| Frequency dependent opposition to wave propagation; small when velopharyngeal port is open and nearly infinite when it is closed |
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Term
| size of velopharngeal port, configuration of oral cavity, configuration of nasal cavity, engorgement of nasal cavity |
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Definition
| Components of velopharyngeal-nasal acoustic impedance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Free, like margins of tongue |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Gives tongue toughness and provide friction |
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Term
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Definition
| Scattered widely over tongue and give it reddish hue |
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Term
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Definition
| Retracts tongue and draws tongue forward |
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Term
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Definition
| Pulls sides of tongue down |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Elevates and retracts tongue |
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Term
| Genioglossus, Hypoglossus, Palatoglossus, Styloglossus |
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Definition
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Term
| Superior Longitudinal, Inferior Longitudinal, Transverse, Vertical |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Pulls tip down; retracts tongue |
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Term
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Definition
| Pulls edges toward midline to narrow tongue |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Levator labii superious alaeque nasi |
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Definition
| Elevates upper lip and dilates nostril |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Pulls corner of mouth superolaterally |
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Term
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Definition
| Raises and protrudes lower lip |
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Term
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Definition
| Aids in mastication, sucking, and blowing |
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Term
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Definition
| Anterior fibers elevate mandible, posterior fibers retract it |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Depressor labii inferioris |
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Definition
| Depresses lower lip and draws it laterally |
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Term
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Definition
| Pulls corner of mouth laterally |
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Term
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Definition
| Depresses corner of mouth |
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Term
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Definition
| May be absent in some individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| Elevates and draws back hyoid bone, floor of mouth, and base of tongue |
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Term
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Definition
| Raises floor of mouth during swallowing and depresses mandible |
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Term
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Definition
| Depresses hyoid bone and raises larynx |
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Term
| Posterior belly of digastric |
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Definition
| Depresses mandible and can elevate hyoid bone |
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Term
| Anterior belly of digastric |
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Definition
| Depresses and retracts mandible and can elevate base of tongue and hyoid bone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Depresses hyoid and larynx |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Opens jaw by pulling forward the mandibular condyle and articular disc |
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Term
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Definition
| Elevates mandible and contributes to lateral and protrusive movements |
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Term
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Definition
| Originates from inferior genial tubercle, elevates hyoid bone and is a weak depressor of mandible |
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Term
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Definition
| Opening of mouth from rest |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Carrying mandible forward from rest |
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Definition
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Term
| Carrying mandible back to rest |
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Definition
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Term
| Side to side movement from rest position |
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Definition
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Term
| Lateral pterygoid, digastric muscles |
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Definition
| Muscles involved in depression |
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Term
| Masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid |
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Definition
| Muscles involved in elevation |
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Term
| Lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid, masseter |
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Definition
| Muscles involved in protrusion |
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Term
| Temporalis, digastric, lateral pterygoids |
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Definition
| Muscles involved in retraction |
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Term
| lateral pterygoids, temporalis |
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Definition
| Muscles involved in lateral movements |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of forces that are related to conversion of energy from airstream to tissue |
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