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| Enacted by the U.S. Congress to restrict immigration from Asian countries, especially women identified as prostitutes. |
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| The Mormon custom of taking more than one wife in order to maximize the number of children. |
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| Passed by Congress in 1862, this legislation made plural marriage a federal crime. |
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| Introduced into Congress in 1870 to strengthen the provisions of the Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act, which had been largely ignored during the Civil War. |
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| Legislation allowing a household head, male or female, to obtain land in the public domain to establish a family farm. |
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| Women's National Indian Association |
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Definition
| Founded in 1879 to promote assimilationist policies among Native American women. |
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| Second Industrail Revolution |
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Definition
| The major advances in the technical aspects of industrial production, including consumer goods, that occurred in the last half of the nineteenth century. |
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| A practice by employers that governs the corporate labor market, opening up jobs to only specific groups by race, ethnicity, or gender. |
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| A workshop is supervised by a middleman, the sweater, whose employees produce mainly clothing under harsh conditions. |
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| State legislation enacted to prevent interracial marriage. |
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A farmer who works land owned by someone else.
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| small farmers and tenents |
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| A common phrase for wage labor in the postbellum South |
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| The practice of employing entire families, including young children, common in the production of textiles. |
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| Organized by women to carry out their social service within the black Baptist Church. |
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| Originated in the 1880s as an academic dicipline devoted to the care of home and family. |
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Term
| National Council of Women |
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Definition
| Formed in 1888 in commemoration of the fortieth anniversary of the woman's rights meeting at Seneca Falls, New York, as a representative body of women's reform organizations. |
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| International Council of Women |
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Definition
| Formed in 1888 as a counterpart to the National Council of Women with delegates representing women activists from nine nations. |
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Term
| Young Women's Christian Association |
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Definition
| Formed in several cities shortly after the Civil War to offer social services to young wage-earning women. |
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| White Rose Home and Industrail Association |
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Definition
| Formed in 1897 to assist African American women coming to New York in search of work. |
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| Sojourner Truth Home for Working Girls |
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Definition
| Formed in 1895 for African American working women. |
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Definition
| Named after the famous African American poet, homes that were established to assist African American working women searching for work and residences. |
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| National League for Protection of Colored Women |
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Definition
| Formed in 1906 as a federation of organizations established to assist young African American women migrating to northern cities. |
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| Women's Educational and Industrial Union |
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Definition
| Founded in 1877 to help women support themselves by offering social services and practical vocational training. |
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| A concept referring to the joint projects of middle and upper class women and working class women based on the assumption of "sisterhood." |
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| Ladies Federal Labor Union |
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Definition
| Chicago union of women working in several trades that did much of the campaigning for the passage of the Illinois Factory Inspection Act of 1893. |
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Definition
| The policy provided an umbrella for the promotion of a multitude of programs beyond temperance. |
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| winning elections in southern states by exploiting anti-African American racisim and fears of lawlessness in Southern White voters and appealing to fears of growing federal power in social and economic matters. |
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| General Federation of Women's Clubs |
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Definition
| Formed in 1890 as a federation of local women's clubs. |
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| National Association of Colored Women |
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Definition
| Established in 1896 as the merger of the National Federation of Afro-American Women and the National League of Colored Women. |
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| National Women's Alliance |
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Definition
| A short lived organization led by Populist women and their allies in the temperance and sufferage movements. |
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| A phrase representing the agenda of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society. |
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| Common reference to women who set up households outside marriage or family |
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| The Chicago cooperative housekeeping arrangement for a group of working women who wished to avoid boarding houses. |
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| A reference used in the early twentieth century for young women who traded sexual favors for treats and amusements. |
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| A term popular in the late nineteenth century that referred to women who set up housekeeping together and lived in a marriage like relationship. |
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| The ideal of a single standard of sexual morality for both men and women, advocating abstinence before marriage and restrained behavior after. |
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| Federal law that made it illegal to send any "obscene, lewd, and/or lascivious"-specifically including contraceptive devices and information materials through the mail. |
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| Phrase referring the minimum age at which a person is considered capable of giving informed consent to any contract or behavior with particular refrence to sexual acts. |
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| Florence Crittenton Mission |
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Definition
| A refuge for prostitutes and safe haven for women without homes. Named for the recently-deceased daughter of founder Charles Crittenton. |
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| A moral panic based on the assumption that thousands of young women were being lured into prostitution and held against their will. |
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| Also known as the White Slave Traffic Act of 1910, banned the interstate transport or women for "immoral prospects." |
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| A term introduced into the United States in 1863, refers to an alleged mixing of "races" through sexual relations and provided the basis for laws prohibiting interracial marriage and cohabitation. |
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| Coined by historian Daniel Scott Smith, refers to the increasing power of married women to control reproduction. |
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| A phrase attributed to President Theodore Roosevelt heralding the demise of "civilization" caused by the dropping birth rate among Americans of Anglo-Saxon Ancestry. |
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| National Birth Control League |
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Definition
| Founded in 1916 to advocate changes in legislation that restricted the dissemination of birth control information and devices. |
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| American Birth Control League |
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Definition
| Founded in 1921 to provide services to women in need; later became Planned Parenthood. |
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| Refers to an argreement that recognizes the right of husbands and wives to engage in extramarital sexual relationships without the stigma of infidelity. |
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| A club of "unorthodox women" formed by Marie Jenny Howe in 1912 that included the cream of New York's literary, artistic, and political activists. |
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| A term introduced into othe United States around 1910 to augment the demands for voting rights and economic equality with a psychological dimension akin to " self-realization." |
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| One of the first settlement houses in the United States, founded in Chicago in 1889 by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr. |
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| Founded in New York City in 1893 by Lillian Wald to provide social and health services to mainly immigrant families. |
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| A social settlement founded in Atlanta in 1908 by lugenia Burns Hope in response to the improvished conditions of African Americans. |
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| A phrase popular during the Progressive Era to connote the extension of women's domestic skills to urban affairs. |
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| National Consumer's League |
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Definition
| founded in 1899 by a group of woman affiliated with Hull House to lobby for improved conditions in the manufacture of consumer goods. |
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| National Women's Trade Union |
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Definition
| Founded in Boston in 1903 to "assist in the organization of wage workers into trade unions." |
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| Popular name for the strike of shirtwaist makers who shut down the New York garment industy for several months beginning in November 1909. |
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| Internation Ladies' Garment Union |
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Definition
| Founded in Chicago in 1905, the "wobblies" represented the radical wing of the labor movement and organized workers into "one big union" without regard to skill. |
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| Plan to send the children of textile strikers to temporary homes outside Lawrence. |
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| The landmark United States Supreme Court ruling that upheld Oregon state law restricting the hours a woman may work on the grounds that the state has an interest in protecting a woman's health. |
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| A term used by historians to describe the emphasis of Progressive Era reformers on the health and welfare of women and children. |
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| Refrence to a system of government in which the state assumes primary responsibility for the welfare of its citizens and accords them services as a matter or entitlement. |
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| State legislation established to subsizide the domestic work of poor women with dependant children. |
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| National Congress of Mothers |
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Definition
| Founded in 1897, the organization promoted education for child rearing and infant health; later became the Parent-Teaching-Association. |
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Definition
| Founded in Chicago in 1915 and chaired by Jane Addams, the WPP formed to protest WW1. |
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Definition
| Passed in July 1819, this legislation established federal grants for state veneral disease programs aimed to protect men serving in the armed forces. |
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| National Association Opposed to Suffrage |
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Definition
| Formed in New York City in 1911 as a federation of state antisufferage groups, which included both men and women. |
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Definition
| Succeeded the Congressional Union as the militant wing of the woman's sufferage movement and focused on amending the Constitution. |
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Definition
| Formally adopted by the NAWSA in 1916, this strategy introduced targeted key state women sufferage referenda and simultaneously supported an amendment to the Constitution. |
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| The so called "Susan B. Anthony Amendment," which granted women the right to vote, was enforsed by the senate on June 4th, 1919 and became law on Aungust 26th, 1920. |
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| When women and men socialize together, as opposed to single sex or homosocial settings. |
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| A new style of marriages that emphasized companionship and compatability between spouses, as well las sex education, birth control, and easier access to divorce. |
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Refers to a lack of sexual interest.
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| A type of employment traditionally held by women, especially relatively low-paying office work. |
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| A non partisan civil rights organization formed to give support to newly arrived migrants from the South to Northern cities. |
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| A proposed constitutional amendment outlawing discrimination on "account of sex." |
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| The landmark maternity bill that committed federal aid to state fovernments to protect the health and well-being of all mothers and their dependent children. |
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| A term that denoted politically active African American women. |
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Term
| Commission on Inter-Racial Coop. |
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Definition
| Established in Atlanta in 1921, the commission worked with white and black leaders to bring an end to lynching and improve the conditions of poor African Americans. |
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Definition
| The women's auxilary of the racist and nativist Ku Klux Klan. |
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Term
| U.S. vs. Package of Pessaries |
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Definition
| This case challenged the Comstock Act and made it legal for medical professionals to ship and recieve contraceptives. |
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Term
| Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 |
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Definition
| The Federal law establishing minimum wages, standards for overtime work and pay, and restrictions on child labor. |
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Definition
| This order prohibited government contractors from engaging in employment discrimination based on race, color, or national orgin. |
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Term
| Sex-Segregated Labor Market |
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Definition
| The division of job classification along gender lines. |
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Definition
| The tendency in the 1950s to blame all social ails and psychological problems on bad mothers and failed mothering. |
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Definition
| The 1945 Act that allowed Chinese American veterans to bring brides into the United States. |
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Definition
| A political group formed by lesbians to promote greater tolerance of homosexuality. |
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| The surge of fiminist activism that took place in the late 1960s and early 1970s. |
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