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| the large social order that includes states related by language, traditions, history, economic ties, and other shared cultural aspects |
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| a city is an urban center that both supports and is supported by a hinterland of lesser communities |
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| a large early neolithic site in southern turkey; the name is turkish for "forked mound". |
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| mounds of accumulated rubble representing the site of an ancient city. a tell differs in both scale and content from a midden. |
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| class structure or hierarchy, usually based on political, economic, or social standing |
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| traditional practices that mediate between the world of humans and the world of spirits |
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| meso = middle, potamos = river. land between the tigris and euphrates rivers, mostly included in modern-day iraq. |
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| early formative culture of mesopotamia, 7500 - 6200 ya; predecessor to sumerian civilizations |
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| an urban center and its supporting territory that forms an autonomous sociopolitical unit. farmers and other food producers tended to live in the urban center and work their fields on the outskirts of the city |
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| late sumerian mud-brick temple-pyramid |
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| semilegendary king and culture hero of early uruk; reputed to have had many marvelous adventures |
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| a form of state political organization with multiple administrative centers and one r more capitals. the cities tend to house the elite and adminstrative classes, and food producers usually lived and worked in the surrounding hiterland |
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| in the interaction of two societies, the knoledge of a cultural trait or feature in one society can stimulate the invention of a similar trait or feature in the other |
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| glassy material, usually of blue-green color, shaped into beads, amulets, and figurines by ancient egyptians |
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| an early indus valley city in south-central pakistan |
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