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| the structures on which genes reside |
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| a double helix consisting of two back bones, like a twisted ladder, whose rungs are made up of chemical combinations; THE BASIS OF CHROMOSOMES |
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| the portion of DNA that encodes specific genetic information |
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| agents that cross the placental barrier and cause or increase the incidence of physical malformations and behavioral and cognitive deficits |
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| Infants are exhibiting a CIRCULAR REACTION when they... |
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| stumble onto a new experience caused by their own motor activity, and they try to repeat the event over and over again |
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| The understanding that objects continue o exist even when they are out of sight |
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| The ability to remember and copy the behavior of a model who is not immediately present |
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| underestimated infant capabilities. |
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| Recent research on sensorimotor development suggests that Piaget: |
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| short-term memory and long-term memory |
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| Elements of the information-processing theory include |
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| Which of the following behaviors appear to predict intelligence in an infant? |
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| habituation-dishabituation to visual stimuli and performance Piagetian object permanence tasks |
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| According to research by Eleanor Gibson, which of the following two letters would young children have the MOST difficulty telling apart |
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| p & q; Young children have special difficulty discriminating letters that are mirror images of one another |
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| Spontaneous grasp of adult's finger |
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| When the sole of foot is stroked, the toes fan out and curl |
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| Infant lies in "fencing position" |
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| In our evolutionary past, may have helped infant cling to mother |
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| Helps infant find the nipple |
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| Research on the sense of smell indicates that |
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| can discriminate all but a few sounds of any human language |
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| Because the visual system is not yet well-developed, __________, or fineness of discrimination, is limited in newborn infants |
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| Erikson's theory, the conflicts of toddlerhood are resolved favorably when parents |
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| provide suitable guidance and reasonable choices. |
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| The strong, affectionate tie that humans feel toward special people in their lives is known as |
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| Nine-month-old Maxwell becomes very upset when his mother leaves him with his babysitter. He is MOST likely in Bowlby's __________ phase of attachment. |
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| A child who seems to avoid interaction with their parent/caregiver exhibits |
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| Two-year-old Hannah offers her brother her favorite blanket when he falls down and skins his knee. Hannah is demonstrating signs of |
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| Research on child care in infancy has found that |
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| child care quality has a greater impact on social and cognitive development than family characteristics |
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| Two-year-old Jonathan is a difficult child. His parents respond with positive interactions, maintain close involvement with him, and work to establish a stable home environment. What outcome could be predicted for Jonathan? |
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| His difficult behavior will decrease with age |
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| The prefrontal cortex is involved in which behavior? |
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| complex cognitive behaviors |
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| _____ is the most common long-term childhood disease. |
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| According to Piaget, which of the following does not reflect preoperational thinking? |
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| The recognition that two equal quantities of matter remain equal even if the matter changes shape reflects: |
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| The tendency to attend more to outcomes rather than the process that produced the outcomes is referred to as: |
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| When Tricia gives her mother her stuffed animal because her mother is sad, Tricia is exhibiting: |
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| True or False: Vygotsky believed that children used private speech as a mechanism to help them learn |
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| A child who has a script for making paper dolls recognizes: |
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| the sequencing of events. |
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| the awareness of memory and the monitoring of memory performance. |
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| Felicity, a 5-year-old, asks her father what he is thinking. Felicity is showing evidence of: |
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| Younger children have difficulty with long term memory because: |
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| they do not use strategies to process information. |
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| Using the structure of a sentence to provide cues about the meaning of a novel verb is referred to as: |
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| A child who says, "I goed to school today" is illustrating |
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| Four-year-old ERin's beliefs about her abilities and capacities define her: |
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| low self-esteem reflects a combination of: |
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| low worthiness and low competence. |
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| A complete understanding of gender reflects a child's: |
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| Conflicts between young children are most likely to occur over |
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| having a possession taken away |
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| Aggression that is used for a specific purpose is referred to as: |
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| When 4-year-old Sheri felt sorry for her younger sister who was crying, Sheri was experiencing: |
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| Parents who use power assertion as a disciplinary method are more likely to have children who: |
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| Are compliant with their parents |
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| low in demandingness and high in responsiveness |
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| Playing along side but not with other children is called: |
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| Which demonstrates higher thinking capabilities? |
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| A child pretending her dolly is combing her hair |
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| Jenny says, " Jimmy fall down on his trike." Her mother says, "Yes, Jimmy fell down." Mother is |
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| Which of the following is an example of associative play? |
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| Jessie and Joe decide to get some PlayDoh and make things. Jessie makes some animals and Joe makes some cars |
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