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| broad spectrum hunting & gathering, 8000-500 BC |
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| hierarchy of social classes, key characteristic of civilization-different classes have different access to power and resources |
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| Cities, monumental architecture, state government |
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| Primary traits of civilization |
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| urbanization, full time labor specialization, social stratification, concentration of surplus, state-type political structure |
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| First American inhabitants |
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| Secondary traits of civilization |
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| major water control systems, writing, major public architecture decreased socio-political complexity |
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| during the peak of a civilization when it flourished |
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| after the decline of a civilization-reduced population |
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| Level of political organization (lesser chiefs report to a “paramount chief”) |
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| Political units which consist of a large number of communities within a circumscribed territory, all of which are under the control of a central government |
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| division of labor on specialized tasks, associated with the growth of trade |
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| Medieval Climatic Anomaly |
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| AD 800-1350, warm climate in N. Atlantic region, dramatic droughts, most likely caused the collapse of the Moche |
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| secondary characteristic of a civilization, Mayans used hieroglyphics (only true writing in N. World) |
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| ancient Egyptian ruler (i.e. King Tut) |
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| practiced by the Aztecs and Incas, very rarely for the Mayans |
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| localized elimination of wild game |
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| brief periods in time marked by distinctive cultural traits |
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