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| Moving the camera physically closer or further from the subject |
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| Turning the camera to the side to go across a scene to follow and object |
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| Turning the camera vertically up or down |
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| Moving the camera in an arc around the subject |
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| A shot where the camera itself moves up or down, usually at great heights |
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| Camera appears "jumpy" due to using a hand held camera; creates a sense of immediacy |
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| Everything in the shot seems to be in focus |
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| Only the subject is in focus. this can make them seem isolated or lonely |
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| When we expect to see certain objects because of the genre. For instance, in a western, you anticipate seeing horses, cowboy hats, sheriff badges, etc. |
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| Can create an atmosphere or mood and create codes of meaning |
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| Harsh lighting, extreme brightness |
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| Strong shadows and dramatic contrasts |
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| Makes the subject appear threatening or horrific |
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| Produces a "halo effect" around the edges of the subject |
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| Can be used to indicate a scene that's past or in a characters imagination |
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| A way of explaining how me make meaning |
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| Appear exactly like the thing itself cowboy=cowboy |
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| Indirectly point or suggest meaning (cowboy=toughness or heroism) |
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| Signifies a meaning totally different than the object (red=passion or danger, heart=love) |
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| Total opposites (coward vs. hero) |
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| Exact definition (rose=flower) |
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| Suggests extra meaning (rose= romance or love) |
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| Sounds that are part of what goes on in the scene (horse, hooves, thunder, car horns, etc.) |
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| Sounds not a part of the scene, such as music or a voice over |
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| One image is suddenly replaced by another |
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| One image dissolved into another. Sometimes used to create a change in time and space |
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| An image gradually fades in or out |
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| One image moves across the scene, replacing the existing image |
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| Computer generated image to create realism |
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