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| repetition of the same sound at the beginning of two or more consecutive words, or of words near one another |
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| funestaque flamma (death and flame) |
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| repetition of a word or words at the beginning of successive phrases or clauses |
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| Ubi sunt vires, ubi cognita virtus? (Where is your strength, where is that well known courage?) |
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| inversion of the usual order of words |
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| urbem circum (as opposed to the common "circum urbem") |
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| opposition or contrast of ideas emphasized by the positions of the contrasting words |
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| acer bello, serenus pace (fierce in war, calm in peace) |
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| omission of conjunctions which ordinarily join coordinate words or clauses |
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| vidit Turnus, videre Ausonii (Turnus saw, the Ausonians saw) |
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| in the second half of a pair of similar expressions, an inversion of the order of the first half |
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pulcher corpore oculis maestus (handsome of body, but with eyes saddened)
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| an arrangement in which a number of ideas are so placed that each succeeding one rises above the other in force |
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| Eum non amo, eum despicioque, immo etiam eum odi. (I do not like him, I look down on him, indeed I even despise him.) |
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| substitution of a mild or inoffensive expression for one that may offend |
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| Eumenides ("the Well-wishers," alias the Furies) |
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| expression of an idea by two nouns connected by and instead of a noun and a modifier |
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| vim et manus (violent hands) |
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| Gemitum ad sidera tollunt. (They raised their groans to the stars.) |
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| reversal of the logical sequence of events |
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| Moriamur et in media arma ruamus. (Let us die and let us rush into the midst of the arms.) |
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| sort of ridicule or light sarcasm, the intended implication of which is the opposite of the literal sense of the words |
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| Sed Brutus honestus vir est! lolz! (But Brutus is an honorable man! lolz!) |
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| expression of an idea by the denial of its opposite |
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| haud secus (not at all otherwise, just so) |
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| a comparison without the use of like or as |
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| Turnus, leo ferox Rutulorum (Turnus, savage lion of the Rutulians) |
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Term
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| the use of one word for another which it suggests |
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| Bacchus (god of wine) meaning "wine" |
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Definition
| the formation of words in imitation of natural sounds |
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| a combination of contradictory or incongruous words |
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| Patria tacita loquitur. (Your country speaks, though silently.) |
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Term
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| the representation of inanimate objects or abstract ideas with personal attributes |
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| Flumen Tiber naves miratur. (The Tiber River gazes at the ships in wonderment.) |
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Definition
| unnecessary fullness of expression |
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| frequent repetition of the connective in successive words, phrases or clauses |
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| cucurrerunt et clamaverunt et ululaverunt et cum gaudio saluerunt. (They ran and they shouted and the wailed and the jumped for joy.) |
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| pretense of omitting something in order to emphasize it |
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| de caede civium non dico. (I am not speaking of the slaughtered citizens.) |
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| use of an expression before it is logically appropriate |
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| puppes submersas obruerunt. (They overwhelmed the submerged ships.) |
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| comparison with the use of like or as |
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| species of metonymy in which a part of an object is used to represent the entire object |
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| puppis (stern) meaning "ship" |
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| interlocked word arrangement |
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clamorque virum clangorque tubarum (shouts of the men and din of the trumpets) hint: nom. gen., nom. gen. |
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| redundancy consisting of needless repetition of meaning in other words |
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| oculis visus (seen with the eyes) |
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| separation of parts of a compound word by one or more words |
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| quae me cumque terrae (whatever lands {call} me) |
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| use of a verb with two or more words, to only one of which it applies |
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| Vinum et frumentum biberunt. (They drank the wine and devoured the grain.) |
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