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| uterine (fallopian) tube; also, eustachian tube |
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| womb; a pear-shaped organ in the pelvic cavity in which the embryo and fetus develops |
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| upper portion of the uterus above the entry to the uterine tubes |
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| lining of the uterus, which is shed approximately every 28-30 days in a nonpregnant female during menstruation |
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| muscular wall of the uterus |
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| uterine tubes, fallopian tubes |
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Definition
| tubes extending from each side of the uterus toward the ovary that provide a passage for ova to the uterus |
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| uterine tubes and ovaries (uterine appendages) |
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| one of two glands located on each side of the pelvic cavity that produce ova and female sex hormones |
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| opening of the cervix to the uterus |
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| tubular passageway from the cervix to the outside of the body |
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| external genitalia of the female |
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| folds of tissue on either side of the vaginal opening; known as the labia majora and labia minora |
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| female erectile tissue in the anterior portion of the vulva |
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| fold of mucous membrane that encircles the entrance to the vagina |
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| two glands located on either side of the vaginal opening that secrete a lubricant during intercourse |
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| region between the vulva and anus |
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| two glands in the female breasts that are capable of producing milk |
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| dark-pigmented area around the nipple |
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| the developing organism from fertilization to the end of the eighth week |
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| the developing organism from the ninth week to birth |
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| vascular organ that develops in the uterine wall during pregnancy to provide nourishment for the fetus |
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| innermost of the membranes surrounding the embryo in the uterus, filled with amniotic fluid |
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| fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects the fetus |
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| intestinal discharges of the fetus that form the first stools in the newborn |
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| painful intercourse (coitus) |
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Definition
| abnormal white or yellow vaginal discharge |
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Definition
| excessive bleeding at the time of menstruation |
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| bleeding from the uterus at any time other than normal menstruation |
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| inflammation of the cervix |
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| congenital anomalies, congenital irregularities |
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Definition
| birth defects that cause abnormal development of an organ or a structure (ex. double uterus or absent vagina) |
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Definition
| congenital tumor composed of displaced embryonic tissue (teeth, bone, cartilage, and hair); typically found in an ovary and usually benign |
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Definition
| displacement of the uterus from its normal position |
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| abnormal forward bending of the uterus |
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| abnormal backward bending of the uterus |
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| backward turn of the whole uterus; also called tipped uterus |
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Definition
| condition characterized by migration of portions of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity |
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Definition
| inflammation of the endometrium |
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Term
| fibroid, fibromyoma, leiomyoma |
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Definition
| benign tumor in the uterus composed of smooth muscle and fibrous connective tissue |
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Definition
| abnormal passage, such as from one hollow organ to another |
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Definition
| abnormal opening between the vagina and rectum |
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Definition
| abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina |
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Definition
| abnormal development of cervical tissue cells |
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Term
| cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), cervical dysplasia |
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Definition
potentially cancerous abnormality of epithelial tissue of the cervix, graded according to the extent of abnormal cell formation:
CIN-1: mild dysplasia
CIN-2: moderate dysplasia
CIN-3: severe dysplasia |
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Term
| carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the cervix |
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Definition
| malignant cell changes of the cervix that are localized, without any spread to adjacent structures |
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Definition
| cessation of menstrual periods caused by lack of ovarian hormones |
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Definition
| inflammation of one or both ovaries |
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Definition
| cyst of the uterine tube (fallopian tube) |
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Definition
| scarring of tissue within the pelvic cavity resulting from endometriosis, infection, or injury |
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Term
| pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) |
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Definition
| inflammation of organs in the pelvic cavity; usually includes the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and endometrium; most often caused by bacteria |
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Definition
| relaxation of supportive ligaments of the pelvic organs |
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Definition
| pouching of the bladder into the vagina |
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Definition
| pouching of the rectum into the vagina |
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| pouching sac of peritoneum between the vagina and the rectum |
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Definition
| pouching of the urethra into the vagina |
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Definition
| descent of the uterus down the vaginal canal |
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Definition
| inflammation of a fallopian tube |
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Definition
| inflammation of the vagina with redness, swelling, and irritation; often caused by a specific organism, such as Candida (yeast) or Trichomonas (a sexually transmitted parasite) |
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Definition
| thinning of the vagina and loss of moisture because of depletion of estrogen, which causes inflammation of tissue |
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Definition
| infection of the vagina, with little or no inflammation, characterized by a milk-like discharge and an unpleasant odor; also known as nonspecific vaginitis |
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Definition
| most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in North America; often occurs with no symptoms and is treated only after it has spread, such as after causing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) |
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Definition
| contagious inflammation of the genital mucous membranes caused by invasion of the gonococcus Neisseria gonorrhea; the term refers to the urethral discharge characteristic of the infection, which was first thought to be leakage of semen; the genus is named for the Polish dermatologist Albert Neisser |
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Definition
| infectious disease caused by a spirochete transmitted via direct, intimate contact and that may involve any organ or tissue over time; usually manifests first on the skin, with the appearance of small, painless, red papules that erode and form bloodless ulcers called chancres |
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Definition
| virus that causes an inflammation of the liver; transmitted through any body fluid, including vaginal secretions, semen, and blood |
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Term
| herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) |
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Definition
| virus that causes ulcer-like lesions of the genital and anorectal skin and mucosa; after the initial infection, the virus lies dormant in the nerve cell root and may recur at times of stress |
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Term
| human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
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Definition
| virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), permitting various opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurologic diseases; contracted through exposure to contaminated blood or body fluid (ex. semen or vaginal secretions) |
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Term
| human papilloma virus (HPV) |
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Definition
| virus transmitted by direct sexual contact; infection can manifest on the skin or mucous membranes of the genitals |
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Term
| condyloma acuminatum (pl. condylomata acuminata) |
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Definition
| lesion that appears as a result of human papilloma virus; on the skin, the lesions appear as cauliflower-like warts, and on mucous membranes, they have a flat appearance; also known as venereal or genital warts |
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Term
| adenocarcinoma of the breast |
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Definition
| malignant tumor of glandular breast tissue |
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Definition
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Definition
| benign condition of the breast consisting of fibrous and cystic changes that render the tissue more dense; patient feels painful lumps that fluctuate with menstrual periods |
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Definition
| development of mammary glands in the male caused by altered hormone levels |
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Definition
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Definition
| inflammation of the breast; most commonly occurs in women who are breastfeeding |
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Definition
| presence of more than two breasts |
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Term
| polythelia, supernumerary nipples |
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Definition
| presence of more than one nipple on a breast |
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Definition
| removal of tissue for microscopic pathologic examination |
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Term
| aspiration biopsy, needle biopsy |
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Definition
| needle draw of tissue or fluid from a cavity for cytologic examination |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of a specimen for biopsy during an endoscopic procedure (ex. colposcopy) |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of an entire lesion for microscopic examination |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of a piece of suspicious tissue for microscopic examination (ex. cervical or endometrial biopsy) |
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Term
| stereotactic breast biopsy |
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Definition
| use of x-ray imaging, a specialized stereotactic frame, and a computer to calculate, precisely locate, and direct a needle into a breast lesion to remove a core specimen for biopsy |
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Term
| sentinel node breast biopsy |
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Definition
| biopsy of the sentinel node (the first lymph node to receive lymphatic drainage from a tumor) in a breast with early cancer to determine metastases and, if no malignancy is found, to avoid the extensive removal of axillary nodes, which causes lymphedema (swelling under the arms); includes radionuclide imaging to locate the sentinel node (sentinel refers to guarding a point of entry) |
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Term
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Definition
| examination of the vagina and cervix using a colposcope, a specialized microscope which often has a camera attachment for photographs; used to document findings and for follow-up treatments |
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Term
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Definition
| use of a hysteroscope to examine the intrauterine cavity for assessment of abnormalities (ex. polyps, fibroids, or anomalies) |
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Term
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
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Definition
| use of nonionizing images to detect gynecologic conditions (ex. anomalies of the pelvis or soft tissues of the breast) or to stage tumors arising from the endometrium or cervix |
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Definition
| study of cells collected from the cervix to screen for cancer and other abnormalities |
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Definition
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Definition
| x-ray of the fallopian tubes after injection of a contrast medium through the cervix; used to determine tubal patency (openness) |
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Term
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Definition
| low dose x-ray imaging of breast tissue to detect neoplasms |
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Term
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Definition
| ultrasound imaging of the female pelvis |
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Term
| endovaginal sonogram, transvaginal sonogram |
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Definition
| ultrasound image of the uterus, tubes, and ovaries made with the ultrasonic transducer within the vagina to detect conditions such as ectopic pregnancy or missed abortion |
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Term
| sonohysterogram, hysterosonogram, saline infusion sonogram |
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Definition
| transvaginal sonographic image made as sterile saline is injected into the uterus; used to assess uterine pathology or to determine tubal patency |
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Term
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Definition
| ultrasound image of the lower abdomen, including the bladder, uterus, tubes, and ovaries, to detect conditions such as cysts and tumors |
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Term
| adhesiolysis, adhesiotomy |
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Definition
| breaking down or severing of pelvic adhesions |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of a cone-shaped portion of the cervix |
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Definition
| suture to repair the vagina |
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Term
| colporrhaphy anterior repair |
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Definition
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Term
| colporrhaphy posterior repair |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| anterior and posterior repair of cystocele and rectocele |
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Term
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Definition
| method of destroying tissue by freezing; used for treating dysplasia and early cancers |
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Term
| dilation and curettage (D&C) |
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Definition
| dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium to control bleeding, to obtain tissue for biopsy, or to remove polyps or products of conception |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| removal of the uterus through an incision in the abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of the uterus through the vagina |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of the uterus and the cervix |
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Term
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Definition
| inspection of the abdominal or pelvic cavity with a laparoscope, which is an endoscope used to examine the abdominal and pelvic regions |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical procedures within the abdominal or pelvic region using a laparoscope |
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Term
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Definition
| use of a laser to destroy lesions or to dissect or cut tissue; used frequently in gynecology |
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Term
| loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), large-loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) |
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Definition
| use of eletrosurgical or radio waves transformed through a loop-configured electrosurgical device to treat precancerous cervical lesions by simultaneous excisional biopsy and treatment of affected tissue (ex. cervical dyspalsia or human papilloma virus (HPV) lesions); note that the transformation zone is the area of the cervix (between the endocervix and ectocervix) where neoplasia (new abnormal cell formation) is most likely to arise |
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Term
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Definition
| excision of fibroid tumors |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| excision of an ovarian cyst |
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Term
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Definition
| excision of a uterine tube |
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Term
| bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy |
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Definition
| excision of both uterine tubes and ovaries |
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Term
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Definition
| incision into a fallopian tube; often performed to remove an ectopic pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| creation of an opening in the fallopian tube to open a blockage |
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Term
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Definition
| sterilization of a woman by cutting and tying (ligating) the uterine tubes |
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Term
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Definition
| excision of a breast tumor without removing any other tissue or lymph nodes; usually followed by radiation or chemotherapy if the tumor is cancerous |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| removal of an entire breast but with the underlying muscle and axillary lymph nodes left intact |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of an entire breast along with the underlying chest muscles and axillary lymph nodes |
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Term
| modified radical mastectomy |
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Definition
| removal of an entire breast and lymph nodes of the axilla |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical reconstruction of a breast |
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Term
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Definition
| reconstruction to enlarge the breast, often by insertion of an implant |
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Term
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Definition
| reconstruction to remove excessive breast tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| elevation of pendulous breast tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents that destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce |
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Term
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Definition
| treatment of neoplastic disease using radiation to deter the proliferation of malignant cells |
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Term
| hormone replacement therapy (HRT) |
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Definition
| use of a hormone (ex. estrogen or progesterone) to replace a deficiency or to regulate production |
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Term
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Definition
| hormones used to prevent conception by suppressing ovulation |
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Term
| oral contraceptive pill (OCP) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| injection of a contraceptive hormone (ex. Depo-Provera) into the body |
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Term
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Definition
| insertion of a contraceptive capsule under the skin to provide a continual infusion over an extended period |
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Term
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Definition
| products that provide a physical barrier to prevent conception (ex. condoms or diaphragms) |
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Term
| intrauterine device (IUD) |
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Definition
| contraceptive device inserted into the uterus that prevents implantation of a fertilized egg |
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Term
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Definition
| creams, jellies, lotions, or foams containing agents that kill sperm |
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Term
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Definition
| a pregnant woman; gravida followed by a number indicates the number of pregnancies |
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Term
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Definition
| having never been pregnant |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| to bear; a woman who has produced one or more viable (live outside the uterus) offspring; para followed by a number indicates the number of times a pregnancy has resulted in a single or multiple birth |
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Term
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Definition
| a woman who has not borne a child |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a woman who has given birth to two or more children |
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Term
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Definition
| progressive obliteration of the endocervical canal during delivery |
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Term
| estimated date of confinement (EDC), estimated date of delivery (EDD) |
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Definition
| expected date for delivery of the baby; normally 280 days or 40 weeks from last menstrual period (LMP) |
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Term
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Definition
| presence of meconium in amniotic fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| rupture of the amniotic sac, usually at onset of labor |
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Term
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Definition
| large-bodied baby commony seen in diabetic pregnancies |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| expulsion of the products of conception before the fetus is viable (able to live outside the uterus) |
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Term
| spontaneous abortion (SAB) |
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Definition
| miscarraige; naturally occurring expulsion of the products of conception |
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Term
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Definition
| spontaneous abortion occurring in three or more consecutive pregnancies |
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Term
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Definition
| incomplete expulsion of the products of conception |
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Term
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Definition
| death of a fetus or embryo within the uterus that is not naturally expelled after death |
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Term
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Definition
| bleeding with the threat of miscarraige |
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Term
| cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) |
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Definition
| condition preventing normal delivery through the birth canal; either the baby's head is too large or the birth canal is too small |
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Term
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Definition
| true toxemia of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, albuminuria, edema of the legs and feet, severe headaches, dizziness, convulsions, and coma |
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Term
| preeclampsia, pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) |
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Definition
| toxemia of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, albuminuria, edema of the legs and feet, and puffiness of the face, without convulsion or coma |
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Term
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Definition
| implantaion of the fertilized egg outside the uterine cavity, often in the tube or ovary, or, rarely, in the abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with an Rh-positive blood factor and a mother with an Rh-negative blood factor, causing red blood cell destruction in the fetus; this condition necessitates a blood transfusion to save the fetus |
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Term
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Definition
| presence, or lack, of antigens on the surface of red blood cells that may cause a reaction between the blood of the mother and the fetus, resulting in fetal anemia, which causes erythroblastosis fetalis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in the mother and fetus |
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Term
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Definition
| fetal aspiration of amniotic fluid containing meconium |
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Term
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Definition
| displaced attachment of the placenta in the lower region of the uterine cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| premature detachment of a normally situated placenta |
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Term
| chorionic villus sampling (CVS) |
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Definition
| sampling of placental tissue for microscopic and chemical examination to detect fetal abnormalities |
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Term
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Definition
| aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for analysis of possible fetal abnormalities |
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Term
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Definition
| use of an electronic device for simultaneous recording of fetal heart rate and uterine contractions |
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Term
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Definition
| obstetric measurement of the pelvis to evaluate proper conditions for vaginal delivery |
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Term
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Definition
| test performed on urine or blood to detect the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (secreted by the placenta), which indicates pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| ultrasound imaging of the female pelvis |
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Term
| endovaginal sonogram, transvaginal sonogram |
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Definition
| ultrasound image of the uterus, tubes, and ovaries made after introduction of an ultrasonic transducer within the vagina; useful for detecting pathology (ex. ectopic pregnancy or missed abortion) |
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Term
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Definition
| ultrasound image of the pregnant uterus to determine fetal development |
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Term
| cesarean section (C-section) |
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Definition
| surgical delivery of a baby via an incision through the abdomen and into the uterus |
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Term
| dilation and evacuation (D&E) |
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Definition
| dilation of the cervix and removal of the products of conception; most commonly performed in the second trimester of pregnancy, after a missed abortion |
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Term
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Definition
| incision of the perineum to facilitate delivery of a baby |
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Term
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Definition
| introduction of a solution into the amniotic sac; an isotonic solution is most commonly used to relieve fetal distress |
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Term
| therapeutic abortion (TAB) |
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Definition
| abortion induced by mechanical means or by drugs for medical reasons |
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Term
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Definition
| manual method for reversing the position of the fetus, usually done to facilitate delivery |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| intravaginal manipulation |
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Term
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Definition
| drug that causes abortion (ex. mifepristone--formerly known as RU-486) |
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Term
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Definition
| hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that causes myometrial contraction; used to induce labor |
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Term
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Definition
| immunizing agent given to an Rh-negative mother within 72 hours after delivering an Rh-positive baby to suppress the Rh immune response |
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Term
|
Definition
| drug used to stop labor contractions |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| cervical intraepithelial neoplasia |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| cephalopelvic disproportion |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| chorionic villus sampling |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| estimated date of confinement |
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Term
|
Definition
| estimated date of delivery |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| human immunodeficiency virus |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| hormone replacement therapy |
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Term
|
Definition
| herpes simplex virus type 2 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| loop electrosurgical excision procedure |
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Term
|
Definition
| large-loop excision of the transformation zone |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| magnetic resonance imaging |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| pelvic inflammatory disease |
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Term
|
Definition
| pregnancy-induced hypertension |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| sexually transmitted disease |
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Term
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Definition
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|
