Term
| Where is GnRH secreted from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is LH and FSH secreted from? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Ovary changes depend on what 2 hormones? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 4 functions of gonadotropic hormones |
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Definition
1. Onset of normal monthly sexual cycles (puberty)
2. Cyclic increase and decrease in FSH and LH produce menstrual cycle
3. Target ovarian target cells to increase secretion and the growth and proliferation of cells
4. Activate cyclic adenosine monophosphate second messenger system which stimulates sex hormone synthesis |
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Term
| Name the 7 functions of estrogen |
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Definition
1. Effects of female sex organs
2. Stimulates bone growth
3. Slightly increases protein deposition
4. Increas body metabolism and fat deposition
5. Little effect on hair distribution
6. Cause skin to develop a texture thats soft, usually smooth, and more vascular
7. effect on electrolyte balance |
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Term
| Name 3 effects that estrogen has of female sex organs. |
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Definition
1. Cellular proliferation and growth of sex organs and other tissues related to reproduction
2. Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina. At puberty, increased estrogen in female sex organs from those of a child to an adult. Increases fat deposits in the mons pubis and labia majora and labia minora
3. Change vaginal epithelium from cuboidal into stratified to resist trauma and infection |
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Term
| Inhibit osteoclastic activity in the bone |
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Definition
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Term
| Unites the epiphyses with the shafts of the long bones |
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Definition
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Term
| Deficiency of estrogen can lead to what 4 things? |
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Definition
1. Increased osteoclastic activity of bones
2. Decreased bone matrix
3. Decreased deposition of bone Ca phosphate
4. Can lead to osteoporosis, treated with estrogen replacement prophylactically |
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Term
| A slight increase in total body protein results from growth-promoting effect of __ on the sex organs, bones, and other tissues. |
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Definition
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Term
| Increases whole-body metabolic rate slightly, about 1/3 as much as testosterone on men. Deposition of increased quanities of fat in subcutanious tissue, butt and thighs; females % body fat considerably greater tha males. |
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Definition
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Term
| Associated with increased warmth of skin and promotes greater bleeding of cut surfaces than men |
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Definition
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Term
| Can cause slight water and Na retention in kidney tubules. During pregnancy, this is what is contributing to the fluid retention. |
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Definition
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Term
| The hypothalamus secretes GnRH which stimulates what? |
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Definition
| Anterior pituitary to secrete LH and FSH |
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Term
| Where the hypothalamus secretes GnRH in pulses lasting 5 to 25 minutes that occur every 1 to 2 hours. If GnRH is infused continuously, its ability to cause the release of LH and FSH is lost. |
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Definition
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Term
| The pulsatile release of GnRH occurs in the mediobasal hypothalamus, especially the arcuate nuclei. It is believed that arcuate nuclei controls most female sexual activity. The limbic system transmits signals into the arcuate nuclei to modify GnRH release which provides a partial explanation of why psychic factors often modify female sexual function |
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Definition
| Hypothalamic Center for Release of GnRH |
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Term
| Estrogen inhibits the production of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can multiply the inhibitory effects of estrogen? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can decrease secretion of GnRH from hypothalamus by altering the frequency of the pulses |
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Definition
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Term
| The onset of adult sexual life |
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Definition
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Term
| The beginning of the cycle of menstruation |
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Definition
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Term
| Caused by a gradual increase in gonadotropic hormone secretion by pituitary ~8 y/o and culminates into the onset of menstruation between 11-16 y/o |
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Definition
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Term
| Not secreted during adolescence in females or males |
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Definition
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Term
| When the sexual cycle cbecomes irregular and ovulation fails around 40-50 y/o. Cycle ceases altogether after a few months or years. |
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Definition
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Term
| When the sex hormones diminish to almost none |
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Definition
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Term
| Cause by a "burning out" of the ovaries. As the number of primordial follicles approaches zero, estrogen production decreases. |
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Definition
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Term
| When estrogen falls below a certain level it can no longer inhibit FSH and LH and large quantities are produced during __ |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 6 physiological changes that occur during menopause. |
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Definition
1. Hot flashes, extreme flushing of skin
2. Psychic sensations of dyspnea
3. Irritability
4. Fatigue
5. Anxiety
6. Decreased strength and calcification of bones |
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