Term
| How much of the body's water is intracellular? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What percentage of the body consist of water? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four fucntions of fluids? |
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Definition
| 1)dissolving and transporting of substances 2) making up blood voume 3) protecting and lubricating body tissues 4) controlling body temperature |
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Term
| When minerals/ electrolytes dissolve in water, they become _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Water _______ throught the body; serves as an ________; removes ______; acts actively in many ________; serves as a shock absorber |
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Definition
| carries nutrients; universal solvent; wates; chemical reactions |
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Term
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Definition
- regulate fluid balance
- enable nerve responses/ stimuli
- signal muscle contraction |
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Term
| People should consume ____ of water for every kcal consumed |
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Definition
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Term
| Water balance consists of ______ vs _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when water is low in the body? |
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Definition
| blood becomes too concentrated--water removed from salivary glands--mouth dry--hypothalamus--pitutary gland--ADH released--kidney reabsord H20= no urine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when water too high? |
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Definition
| kidney secrete large amts of h20 |
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Term
| ______, _____, and _____ can affect fluid balanace, leading to _______ |
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Definition
| caffeine, alcohol, medication; dehydration |
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Term
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Definition
| inorganic elements that dont change into other substances |
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Term
| what are the two types of minerals? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Major minerals; N, K, Cl, Ca, Mg, S, P |
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Term
| What amout of macromolecule are there in the body at any given time? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some general uses of macrominerals? |
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Definition
| H20 balance; nerve transmission; muscle contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| Fe, I, Cu, Se, F, Zn, Pb, Mo |
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Term
| _____ is the major cation outside the cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Excess Na usuall excreted; if retained can lead to ________ and risk of ______ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is the major cation intracellular (inside cell) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| prolong vomit/diarhea; prescription drugs (diruetic, steroids, laxitives) |
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Term
| ____ is the major anion outside the cell (intercelluar) |
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Definition
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Term
| Cl is associated with ___ and ___ in the _____ |
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Definition
| Na (NaCl) and HCl in the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is the most abundant mineral in the body |
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Definition
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Term
| Ca is found mostly in _____ and _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Ca is associate with the mineral ______ and vitamin ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Major function of Ca include: |
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Definition
-formation and maintenice of bone and teeth
-blood clotting
-muscle contraction
-transmission of nerve impulses
- secretion of hormones
-activation of enzume systems
2) |
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Term
| Active growth of bone and teeth occurs around ______; with peak bone mass at ____; and loss at _____ |
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Definition
| 0-2 yrs; 20-30 yrs; 40+ yrs |
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Term
| The hormone ______ lowers blood Ca |
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Definition
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Term
| The ______ hormone raises blood calcium |
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Definition
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Term
| Vitamin D ______ Ca absorption |
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Definition
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Term
| Ca absorption can be reduced by ____, ____ and _____ |
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Definition
| fiber, phylates, oxalates |
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Term
| ______ is the medical term for adult rickets( sofetning of bones) |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| tofu, broccoli, dairy, veggies |
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Term
| The second most abundant mineral in body is |
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Definition
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Term
| ___% of the P in associated with ___ in bones and teeth |
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Definition
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Term
| The effects of a Phosphorus defiecinecy |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| bone structure, ATP, DNA, RNA, phospholipids |
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Term
|
Definition
| meat, milk, eggs, processed foods |
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Term
| Over __% of Mg is in ___, associated with ___ |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
-aid in heart function
-prevents Hypertension and Heart disease |
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Term
| Rich sources of Mg include |
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Definition
| seafood, legumes, vegs, tofu |
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Term
| Sulfer is oftn found in _____ such as _____ and _____ |
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Definition
| amino acids; cytosine, methionine |
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Term
| Sources of Sulfer include |
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Definition
| foods with many natural protiens |
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Term
| Protiens like ______ in _____; B vitamins like _____ and _____ are high in Sulfer |
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Definition
| keratin/ hair; thiamin/ biotin |
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Term
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Definition
| are uncommon, unless protien defieciency |
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Term
| Content of trace minerals in food depends on |
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Definition
| soil, H20, and processing |
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Term
| what are the two types of Fe? |
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Definition
| Henne (animal flesh) Non-henne (plant and animal food sources) |
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Term
| Non-henne Fe must be aided by |
|
Definition
| MFP, Vit C, lactic/citric acid, sugar |
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Term
| `What is the main funcion of Fe |
|
Definition
| Oxygen transportation in hemoglobin (blood) and myoglobin (muscle cells) |
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|
Term
| What are some absorption inhibitors of fe? |
|
Definition
-phylates
-fibers
-Ca/ P in milk
-Tannic Acid |
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Term
|
Definition
| bone marrow----spleen--- excess in liver |
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|
Term
| Most common Fe defiencies occur in |
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Definition
| 10% toddlers, teen girls, women of child-bearing age |
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Term
|
Definition
| there is a depletion of Fe stores |
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Term
|
Definition
| severe depletion of Fe stores w/ low concentration of hemoglobin |
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Term
| Why do anemics expierince a reduced work capacity? |
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Definition
| Anemic blood cells are white, small and empty, dont carry oxygen |
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Term
| What are some effects of Fe toxicity |
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Definition
| nasuea, vomiting, increased Heart rate; diarrhea |
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Term
| What is the name of the disease that causes to much Fe to be absorbed and can lead to liver damagae and infection |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is helpful in growth and healing |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are factors that affect Zinc absorption? |
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Definition
| Necessity; fiber/phylate; interaction with Fe/Cu |
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Term
| What is the correlation between Cu, Fe, and Zn? |
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Definition
| Too much Zn impairs Cu absorption; Too much Fe impairs Zn absorption |
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Term
| What are some of the effects of Zn defiecinecy? |
|
Definition
| Growth retardation; Delayes sexual defiencinceyl; impaired immune/brain/healing function; dwarfism |
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Term
| What are common function of Se |
|
Definition
| Antioxidant (Vit E); thyroid metabolisms |
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Term
| Se defiencies can result in |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the two forms of iodides? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some function of I |
|
Definition
| thyroid (body temp; growth; metabolism) |
|
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Term
| What are some effects of goiter? |
|
Definition
Enlarged thryoid gland
weight gain
slow metabolism |
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Term
| What are some effects of cretinism (I defiecincy) |
|
Definition
| Mental/physical retardation |
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|
Term
| What are the function of Cu? |
|
Definition
Antioxidant
hemoglobin synthesis
collagen synthesis
wound healing |
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|
Term
| what disaes leads to Cu misabosorption |
|
Definition
| Menkes= too little Wilson's=too much |
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Term
| what are symptoms of Fl defiecency? Toxicity? |
|
Definition
| Cavities; Flurosis (teeth darkening) |
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|
Term
| Lb is a _______ that impairs______ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| why does Fe displace Fe, Cu, and Zn? |
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Definition
| They are chemically similar in shape |
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Term
| What is the preveland of Pb toxicity? |
|
Definition
| 1/6 kids; 1/9 fetuses; 1.7 million pre-k age kids (10-15%) |
|
|
Term
| What are some symptoms of Pb toxicity? |
|
Definition
| learning disabilities, behavrio, nervous system, anemia, sleep, hearing |
|
|
Term
| what are some affects of Pb on adults? |
|
Definition
| Kidney damage, reproduction infetrilityl hypertension |
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Term
|
Definition
| old paint, dirt, ceramics, imported food cans, air pollution |
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|
Term
| What are some preventional steps to Pb poisening? |
|
Definition
| Check H20; no cermaics for food; keep away from old paint/dirt; transfer food to containers after opening; was hands b4 eating |
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Term
| Plant sources of ___ and ___ are poorly absorbed |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Soy interferswtih ____ absorption |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Vitamin ___ is only found in animal products; must be supplemented with |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Cereal grains are low in the protein |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Legumes are low in the aa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Protien quality depends on ______ and how digestible protein is |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Vegan children tend to be |
|
Definition
| smaller and lighter and needed higher amts of Protien |
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Term
|
Definition
| susbtances in plants that have health benefits like fighting cancer and disease |
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Term
| _____ food provides health benefits beyond basic nutrition |
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Definition
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|
Term
| _____ food is processed and suplemented with food ingredienet that are rich in PC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| byproducts of metabolis, that destroy cells (connected with heart disease and cencer) |
|
|
Term
| what are some function of PCs? |
|
Definition
lowering LDL
help prevent blood clotting
lower cholesterol and blood pressure |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Allysulfides (garlic, onions) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vitamin C Flavonoids (limes, oranges) |
|
|
Term
| soybeans have ____ that lower risks of _____ |
|
Definition
| isoflavonesa and saponins; heart disease |
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|
Term
| soybeans help to prevent ______ and reduce _______ symptoms |
|
Definition
| osteoporosis and menopausal |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are four RF associated with CVD? |
|
Definition
high blood fats/cholesterol
high blood pressuree
overweight
type II diabetes |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of salt we eat comes from procesed foods? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are cruciferous veggies |
|
Definition
| HELP against colon cancer and stomach cancaer like cabbage |
|
|
Term
| What is the RDA for dietary fiber? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the 2nd leading cause of death in developed countries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what things led to increased life expectancey in the 19th century? |
|
Definition
| basic hygiene and rold of antiseptics in good medicine |
|
|
Term
| What are 5 sources of insoluble fiber? |
|
Definition
green leaft veggies
nut/seeds
wheat grain
corn bran
skins of veggies |
|
|
Term
| What is a Foodbourne Infection> Ex? |
|
Definition
| Sickness caused by eating contaminated food by living cells of bacteria/viruses; salmonella; Hep A |
|
|
Term
| Foodbourse intoxications are |
|
Definition
| caused be eating food containing pre-formed bacterial toxins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
potentiall hazardous food, that can support the growth of microorganisms
usually moist, low acid, high protien |
|
|
Term
| what are some other hazards in food? |
|
Definition
biological (fish toxins, poisonus plants/shrums)
chemical (toxic metals)
physical (foreign objects that choke; staples) |
|
|
Term
| what is the temperature danger zone? |
|
Definition
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