Term
|
Definition
| A type of logical reasoning in which one draws logically necessary conclusions from a gerneral set of promises, or givens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reasoning that involves drawing an inference from the evidence that one has |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of thinking about thinking itself |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The belief, often brought on by the heightened self-consciousness of early adolescence, that everyone is watching and evaluating one's behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An adolescent's belief that he or she is unique and therefor not subject to the rules that govern other people's behavior |
|
|
Term
| Cognitive-developmental view |
|
Definition
| A perspective on development, based on the work of Piaget, that takes a qualitative, stage-theory approach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget, spanning the period roughly between birth and age 2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget, spanning roughly ages 2-5, during which the use of symbols to represent objects internally, especially through language, is developed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget, spanning the period roughly between age 6 and early adolescence during which there is a mastery of logic and a development of rational thinking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget, spanning the period from early adolescence through adulthood and the development of abstract and hypothetical reasoning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An abstract system of logic that forms the basis of formal operational thinking |
|
|
Term
| Competence-Performance Distinction |
|
Definition
| The distinction between what individuals are capable of and what they actually do; important in the study of cognitive development |
|
|
Term
| Information-processing Perspective |
|
Definition
| A perspective on cognition that derives from the study of artificial intelligence and attempts to explain cognitive development in terms of the growth of specific compenents of the thinking process (such as memory) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process by which we focus on one stimulus while tunint out another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of paying attention to 2 or more stimuli at the same time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The aspect of memory in which information is held for a short time while a problem is being solved |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability to recall something from a long time ago |
|
|
Term
| Zone of Proximal Development |
|
Definition
| In Vygotsky's theory, the level of hallenge that is still within the dindividual's reach but that forces an individual to develop more advanced skills. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Structuring a learning situation so that it is just within the reach of the student |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Standardized tests that do not, by virtue of their construction, favor one cultural or ethnic group over another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The aspect of cognition that concerns thinking about other people, about interpersonal relations, and about social institutions. |
|
|
Term
| Implicit Personality Theory |
|
Definition
| An intuitive understanding of human behavior and motivation that emerges during early adolescents. |
|
|
Term
| Social Perspective Taking |
|
Definition
| The ability to view events from the perspective of others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In Selman's theory, the stage of social perspectaking during which the young adoelscent can be an objective third part and can see how the thoughts or actions of one person can affect those of another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The norms that govern everyday behavior in social situations |
|
|
Term
| Behavioral Decision Theory |
|
Definition
| An approach to understanding adolescent risk taking, in which behavrios are seen as the outcome of systematic decision-making processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The enjoyment of novel and intense experiences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thinking that is in-depth, analytical, and discriminating |
|
|
