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| Soviet dictator who was succeeded by Andropov and later Gorbachev. His policies of re-Stalinization brought the Soviet union away from the reforms of Khrushchev. He issued the Brezhnev doctrine, which allowed Soviets to interfere in the affairs of other countries militarily in the Communist bloc. |
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| an agreement that was made between the Polish communists and the Solidarity union. This law allowed the existence of unions. |
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| Large union movement in Poland led by Lech Walesa. This movement seeked to make a strong labor union that could oppose the Communist party. Following the fall of the communists, the Solidarity movement gained many seats in the parliament, and its leader was elected president of Poland. |
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| Leader of the Solidarity movement in Poland. Eventually, the Solidarity party gained the majority in the parliament, and Walesa himself was elected president of Poland. |
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| Final Soviet Premier before the break-up of the Soviet Union. His reforms of glasnost and perestroika led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, much to his dismay. He also agreed to reduce the nuclear capacity of his country. |
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| Economic “restructuring” led by Soviet Premier Gorbachev. These were largely a failure. |
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| Mikhail Gorbachev’s policy of openness in government and public affairs. This policy was largely successful. |
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| Peaceful revolution in Czechoslovakia which overthrew communism. |
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| President of Czechoslovakia who led the Velvet Revolution. He later allowed the Velvet divorce, which allowed Slovakia to split from the Czech Republic. |
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| Romanian communist leader who would not abdicate his rule peacefully. As a result, there was a bloody revolution and he was eventually executed. |
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| Baltic state which tried to seek independence from the Soviet Union. The Soviet response was a blockade to Lithuania. |
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| President of Russia following its independence. His shock therapy for the economy proved to be ineffective, although he did succeed in ending a communist coup to try to take over the country. |
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| Chancellor of Germany who agreed to pay the Soviets and also had to agree never to develop nuclear weapons in order to reabsorb East Germany. |
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| Agreement which honored all the current borders of Europe and called for a massive arms reduction |
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| Agreement between the Soviet Union and the United States to reduce the amount of nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles each country possessed. |
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| War between the Coalition led by the United States and Iraq. This war was fought over Kuwait, as Saddam Hussein invaded the small country and the US eventually liberated it. |
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| Province in Russia which wanted independence. In a surprising departure from usual behavior, Boris Yeltsin authorized the use of force to subjugate the Chechnya rebels. |
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| Serbian president who believed in the notion of a Greater Serbia, which caused him to invade his neighbors and perform genocide. |
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| Milosevic’s idea of an expanded Serbia at the expense of the surrounding countries. |
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| UN town that was decimated by Milosevic’s troops resulting in UN involvement in his wars. |
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| Agreements made in Ohio which allowed the Croatians to control 51% of their territory while the Bosnians control 49%. |
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| Treaty which set financial standards for joining the European Union. It also set up a universal currency, the Euro. |
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