Term
| cardiovascular disease, preterm low-birth weight infants, diabetes, respiratory disease |
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Definition
Evidence suggests periodontitis may be related to the risk for:
_______, _______, ______, ______ |
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Term
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Definition
Microbial plaque contains all of the following except:
a. bacteria
b. fungus
c. protozoa
d. viruses
e. mycoplasm
f. all of the above are components of microbial plaque |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ is the primary etiologic factor in the development of periodontal diseases. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___-___ bacteria have significant impact on periodontal health. |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: 20-25 bacteria have significant impact on periodontal health, but only a few are closely associated with periodontitis. |
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Term
1. A.a.
2. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.)
3. Tannerella forsythia (T.f.)
4. Treponema denticola (T.d.) |
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Definition
| List 4 bacteria closely associated with periodontitis: |
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Term
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Definition
| Race, sex, genetic factors, phagocytic dysfunction, down's syndrome, papillon-leferve/ehlers-dantos syndrome are all examples of ____. |
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Term
| rubor, tumor, calor, dolor, functio laesa |
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Definition
____ is redness.
____ is swelling.
____ is heat.
____ is pain.
____ is loss of function. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ leads to release of chemical mediators that increase permeability of adjacent small blood vessels. |
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Term
| blood vessel dilation and increased permeability to plasma, which may clot |
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Definition
| ______/_____ cause swelling of tissues due to plasma leakage, elevated temperature from increased blood flow in dialated vessels, redness, pain from increased fluid in tissues and direct effect of chemicals on sensory nerve endings. |
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Term
| circulating WBC adhere to walls of altered blood vessels |
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Definition
| _____ leads to WBC chemotaxis through vessel walls and to area of injury induce phagocytosis of foreign material and tissue debris and initiate Ab production. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ dilates and increases permeability of small blood vessels and constricts bronchi. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ cause eosinophil and PMN chemotaxis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Interleukins ___-___ have many interactions with periodontitis and inflammation. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ recruits granulocytes to area of inflammation and induces fever. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ dilate small blood vessels, constrict bronchi, and cause chemotaxis of leukocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ increase vascular permeability and regulate immune responses |
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Term
| histamine, chemotactic factors, interleukins 2-6, TNF alpha, leukotrienes, prostaglandins |
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Definition
| ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ___ are all chemical mediators released from mast cells during inflammation. |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ are plasma proteins increased to to microbial infection and include c-reactive protein, fibrinogen, complement, mannose-binding protein, metal-binding prteins and alpha-antitrypsin/anticymotypsin |
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Term
mannose-binding protein
metal-binding protein |
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Definition
| ___ is an acute phase protein that deals with receptor sites. lactoferrin is an example of _____. |
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Term
| high LDL, c-reactive protein |
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Definition
| Tobacco smoking and ____ LDL are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. _____ protein is a risk factor for MI. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ consist of at least 11 proteins and glycoproteins (10% of proteins in normal serum), are not affected by immunization, and are synthesized in liver, small intestine, macrophages and other mononuclear cells |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ utilize phagocytosis, release enzymes and chemical mediators, leave circulation to get to site of action, sticks to endothelium, and squeezes through endothelium |
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Term
| selectins/adhesions, diapedesis, inflammatory mediators/bacteria, phagocytosis |
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Definition
| PMNS stick to endothelium by ____ and ____, squeeze through endothelium by _____, utilize _____ and ____ for chemotaxis, kills bacteria by ____ and then die. |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ involved in periodontal tissue degradation are a family of 17 metalloproteinases, degrade extracellular matrix molecules and participate in tissue destruction and AL |
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Term
| extracellular matrix molecules |
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Definition
| Collagen, gelatin and elastin are examples of ____. |
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Term
| Elastase, inactivated by alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (primary defense), alpha 2 macroglobulin and secretory leukoproteinase inhibitor |
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Definition
| ____ is a highly active non-specific serum protease inactivated in tissues by powerful anti-proteases such as __, __, and ____. |
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Term
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Definition
| _____/_____ are metalloproteases synthesized and released in a latent (proenzyme) form capable of degrading extracellular matrix. |
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Term
| neutrophil proteases, neutrophil dependent |
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Definition
| ____ ____ are not thought to be significantly involved in tissue damage because tissues are bathed in powerful plasma antiproteases, metalloproteases are released in latent/inactive form, anti-oxidants exert strong anti-inflammatory effects in _____-dependent tissue damage model systems. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ can oxidatively inactivate 3 major tissues anti-proteases, and activate collagenase and gelatinase. |
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Term
| inactivate anti-proteases, activate collagenase and gelatinase |
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Definition
| HOCl can oxidatively inactivate 3 major tissue _____, and activate ____ and _____. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ig_ deals with complement fixation and opsonization and can cross placenta. Ig_ deals with complement fixation and opsonization. Ig_ is secreted in milk, mucus and saliva and protect mucus membranes by preventing attachment of organisms. Ig_ deals with the development and maturation of antibody response. Ig_ attaches to mast cells and basophils and deal with allergic reactions like hay fever. |
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Term
| disease, they respond to LPS |
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Definition
| IL-1, TNFalpha, IL-8, PGE2 and MMPs are all immune mediators that respond to (health/disease). |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ stimulates fibroblasts to release PGE2 (bone resorption), MMP (extracellular matrix destruction) and osteoblasts to form osteoclasts (bone resorption) |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ are involved in regulation of immune response by helping regulate production of antibodies, activating macrophages, direct killing of T cells by natural killer cells, and communicate with other cells by interleukins and cytokines. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ are referred to as interleukins, may be pleiomorphic or may elicit similar responses. |
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Term
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Definition
| You ended at slide 90 of the Pathogenesis of PDD (Final) ppt. |
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Term
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Definition
| IL-__ is involved in CD4 activation, B-cell maturation, PMN/macrophage chemotaxis, it increases NK cell activity, is secreted by monocytes, macrophages, b-cells, fibroblasts, PMNs, epithelial cells and other stimulated cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: IL-1 is found in gingival tissue and crevicular fluid and decreases after periodontal tx. |
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Term
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Definition
| IL-__ stimulates plasma cell proliferation, activates CD4 cells (with IL-1), is secreted by CD4, macrophages, monocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. It increases in sites of gingival inflammation and plays a role in bone resorption. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is produced by macrophages and CD4 cells, causes necrosis of some tumors, and activates osteoclasts. |
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Term
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Definition
| TNF(a/b) is produced after stimulation of macrophages and fibroblasts by LPS and increases PMN adherence to endothelial cells. |
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Term
| Arachidonic acid metabolites |
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Definition
| ___ acid metabolites are markers for periodontal disease activity. |
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Term
| arachidonic acid metabolites |
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Definition
| ___ acid metabolites induces increased vasopermeability and vasodilation (= redness/edema) and induces MMP secretion by monocytes/fibroblasts (= connective tissue destruction) |
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Term
|
Definition
| T/F: Gingival crevicula fluid PGE2 levels are higher in refractory, early onset (aggressive) and diabetic periodontitis. |
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Term
| Matrix metaloproteinases (MMPs) |
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Definition
| __ ___ are involved in periodontal tissue and extracellular matrix molecule (collage, gelatin, elastin) degradation. |
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Term
| MMPs, they inhibit the destruction of periodontal structures |
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Definition
| Chemically modified tetracycline and low-dose doxycycline inhibit the activity of ___. |
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Term
| enzymes, immunoglobulins, inflammatory mediators, cytokines, cell/tissue degradation products, alkalina phosphatase, glucuronidase, IgG4, IL1, beta elastase, AAT, PGE2 |
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Definition
| Name a couple things that are found in crevicular fluid. |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: As periodontal disease is established, the bacterial infection causes an increase in systemic inflammation and may cause problems in distant sites such as carotid artery, heart valves, arteries, lungs and gut. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is the malfunction of insulin-dependent glucose and lipid metabolism |
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Term
| I = insulin dependent, II = non-insulin depenedent |
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Definition
| Type __ is Insulin dependent diabetes mellitis, type __ is non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitis. |
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Term
| type I, type II, gestational, secondary, impaired glucose tolerance/impaired fasting glucose |
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Definition
| Name the 5 types of diabetes |
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Term
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Definition
| Type __ diabetes is where the body's immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells, usually effects children and young adults, 5-10% of all diagnosed cases |
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Term
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Definition
| Type __ diabetes accounts for 90-95% of cases, deals with insulin resistance/cells do not use insulin properly, is associated with old age and obesity. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ diabetes is glucose intolerance that is diagnosed during pregnancy, requires tx to normalize maternal blood glucose levels to avoid complications in infant. |
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Term
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Definition
| __-__% of women with gestational diabetes have type II after pregnancy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Insulin resistance, production of AGES, and metabolic syndrome are disorders related to ___. |
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Term
| retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy |
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Definition
| complications of diabetes: ___ is a noninflammatory damage to retina, ___ is damage to kidneys, ___ is a deranged function of nerves. |
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Term
| 8% = poor control, 7-8% = moderate control. |
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Definition
| __% = poor control, _-_% = moderate control. |
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Term
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Definition
| In diabetic patients with __ control you may treat them in mergencies such as abscesses only and antibiotics may be indicated. Medical management is necessary. |
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Term
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Definition
| diabetic patients with __ control may be treated as non-diabetics and the full-range of periodontal therapy is possible. |
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Term
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Definition
| In diabetic patients with ___ control, emergency care and case by case management dependent on response to therapy are possible. Also encourage need for more medical management. |
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Term
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Definition
| Oral signs of ___ are foamy saliva, unusually dry and irritated tissue, and severe periodontal inflammation. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ can interfere with the proper functioning of proteins to which they are attached, they result in collagen accumulation in periodontal capillary membranes (membrane thickening). |
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Term
|
Definition
| AGE (increases/decreases) collagenase production which degrades newly formed collagen and (increases/decreases) solubility of AGE modified collagen. |
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Term
| monocytes, macrophages and endothelial cells |
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Definition
| ___, __ and ___ have receptors for AGES (RAGES) |
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Term
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Definition
| AGEs effect ___ cells and lead to focal thrombosis and vasoconstriction, hyperpermeability and hyperexpression of adhesion molecules. |
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Term
| hemorrhagic, nonhemorrhagic/ischemic |
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Definition
| ___ stroke is caused by bleeding into the brain not associated with periodontal disease. ___/___ stroke is caused by blockage of blood vessel supplying the brain associated with periodontal disease |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammatory mediators secrete ___ and __ that may cause the maternal immune system to release chemicals that may foster premature labor. |
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