Term
| Gingiva, alveolar mucosa, cementum, periodontal ligament, alveolar supporting bone |
|
Definition
| What does the periodontium consist of? |
|
|
Term
| Age, disease (increased age does not mean increased disease!) |
|
Definition
| Periodontal tissues are biologically interdependent and subject to variations and changes with _____ and __________. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Over 600 microorganisms are present in the periodontium, and most are gram __. (+/-) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the maxillary avg. width of attached gingiva of incisors? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the maxillary avg. width of attached gingiva of premolars? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the mandibular avg. width of attached gingiva of incisors? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the mandibular avg. width of attached gingiva of premolars? |
|
|
Term
| Facial and lingual papillae |
|
Definition
| What does a “col” connect? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A col is more susceptible to disease because it is a depression in interdental gingiva and the center is not ____________. |
|
|
Term
| Keratinocytes, desmosomes, tonofilaments, basal lamina, hemidesmosomes |
|
Definition
| What are the histologic features of the gingival epithelium? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The oral epithelium contains rete pegs and is ____________. (keratinized or nonkeratinized?) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| 90% of cells in the periodontium are _________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The sulcular epithelium has a semipermeable membrane and is ______. (keratinized or nonkeratinized?) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What part of the gingiva has stratified squamous epithelium and is non-keratinized? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The JE is reinforced by collagenous fibers in the marginal gingiva and is a functional unit known as _________ unit. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| The gingival connective tissue determines the differentiation of the epithelium. What is the supporting CT of the gingiva? |
|
|
Term
| Gingivodental group, circular group, transseptal group |
|
Definition
| Name the major gingival fiber groups. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The cellular elements in gingival CT is approximately __% of the gingival CT and the fibers make up approx. ___%. |
|
|
Term
Collagen approx. 60% (mostly Type I)
Elastic fibers
Oxytalan fibers |
|
Definition
| What are the fibrillar elements in the gingival CT? |
|
|
Term
| Supraperiosteal arteries, periodontal ligament vessels, arterioles from the Interdental septa |
|
Definition
| Name the 3 blood supplies to the gingiva. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Principle fibers, intermediate plexus fibers, Sharpey’s fibers, and indifferent fiber plexus are all collagen fibers of…? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What are the elastic fibers of the PDL? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The PDL varies in thickness from 0.1 – 0.25mm and is _____ during heavy occlusion and ________ in nonfunctional teeth. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| PDL fibers are larger and less numerous on the ____ surface than on the _______ surface. |
|
|
Term
| Fibroblasts, cementoblasts/cementoclasts, osteoblasts/osteoclasts |
|
Definition
| The epithelial rest cells of the PDL are the rest cells of Malassez. What are the CT cells of the PDL? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The PDL has neurovascular elements and cellular elements. What are its defense cells? |
|
|
Term
60-65% cementum overlaps enamel
30% cementum meets enamel at a butt joint
5-10% cementum does not meet enamel |
|
Definition
| There are 3 types of cementoenamel junction relationships. What are they and what is their percentage? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Existence of alveolar bone is dependent on presence of teeth. Therefore, extractions lead to ________ _____________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cortical bone is _______ in the incisor, canine and premolar area. It is thickest in _____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Which of the following is closest to the width of the normal periodontal ligament?
a. 0.1 mm
b. 0.2 mm
c. 0.3 mm
d. 0.5 mm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Which of the following is responsible for most of the collagen degradation in the
periodontal ligament?
a. Keratinocyte
b. Macrophage
c. Fibroblasts
d. Osteoclasts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Which of the following supply blood to the gingiva?
1. Supraperiosteal
2. Periodontal ligament vessels
3. Vessels from the interdental septa
a. 1 only
b. 1 and 2
c. 1, 2 and 3
d. 2 and 3 |
|
|
Term
| transferring melanin into the basal layer |
|
Definition
Melanocytes help to determine skin pigmentation by _____________.
a. Transferring melanin into the basal layer
b. Transferring melanin into the superficial layer of connective tissue
c. Secreting melanin into the spinous layer of the epithelium
d. Secreting melanin into the stratum corneum |
|
|
Term
| gap junctions and hemidesmosomes |
|
Definition
Which of the following mechanisms attach epithelial cells to other epithelial cells and
cementum, respectively?
a. gap junctions and desmosomes
b. gap junctions and hemidesmosomes
c. hemidesmosomes and tight junctions
d. desmosomes and tight junctions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Which of the following must be present to make a diagnosis of periodontitis?
1. Visible plaque bacteria
2. Gingival inflammation
3. Loss of attachment
a. 1
b. 1 and 2
c. 2 and 3
d. 1, 2 and 3
e. 3 only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Which of the following does not result in gingival recession
a. Gingivitis
b. Toothbrushing
c. Periodontitis
d. Aberrant frenum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Which of the following cells have both an internal and external basal lamina?
a. Junctional epithelium
b. Stratum basale
c. Sulcular epithelium
d. Stratum spinosum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cells make up what percentage of the gingival connective tissue?
a. 5%
b. 30%
c. 50%
d. 65% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
About what percentage of the connective tissue is made up by glycoproteins,
proteoglycans and ground substance combined?
a. 5%
b. 30%
c. 50%
d. 65% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Which of the following are not part of the collagen fibers of the periodontal
ligament?
a. Principal fibers
b. Imtermediate plexus
c. Sharpey’s fibers
d. Indifferent fiber plexus
e. Oxytalan fibers |
|
|
Term
| Destruction of supragingival fiber bundles |
|
Definition
Which of the following is not true with respect to tissue in a patient with a newly
diagnosed case of gingivitis?
a. Stippling may or may not be present
b. Increased extension of rete pegs into connective tissue
c. Destruction of supragingival fiber bundles
d. Widened intercellular junctions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In periodontitis the junctional epithelium________
1. Attaches to the root surface
2. Keratinizes to reduce crevicular fluid
3. Has a faster turn over rate than in health
a. 1
b. 1 and 2
c. 1, 2 and 3
d. 2 and 3
e. 3 only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Which fiber type makes up the majority of the fibrillar elements of the gingival
connective tissue?
a. Type I
b. Type II
c. Elastic fibers
d. Oxytalan fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The gingival crevicular fluid performs all of the following except:
a. Cleanses the sulcus
b. Aids adhesion of epithelium to tooth
c. Exerts antibody activity
d. None of the above |
|
|
Term
| Periodontal disease and dental caries |
|
Definition
| What are the two main things diagnosed in oral health care? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lack of keratinization in both health and disease is due to what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| _______ is directly related to the inflammatory response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| There is always _____ on calculus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When gingiva is inflamed, it ( has / has not yet ) lost attachment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which is the major cell type of the initial inflammatory cell infiltrate? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What causes the redness and swelling involved with inflammation? |
|
|
Term
| Inflammation of the gingiva without bone loss or tissue (CT) loss. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Loss of bone & PDL fibers, and increased presence of dense inflammatory cell infiltrate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pus, dead bacteria, dead WBCs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When there is increased pocketing, there is ________ amount of attachment loss; a _________ is formed instead. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| No matter how much damage, the ___________ ___________ will still seal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| On a normal x-ray the bone crest is ___-___mm from the CEJ; any more indicates bone loss. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A radiograph should not be the single method of diagnosis because an x-ray only gives _____ of an image; it can assist but not give all info. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plaque is made up mostly of bacteria. The remaining contents can include non-bacterial organisms (protozoa, yeasts, viruses), and some host cells such as epithelial cells, macrophages and a few leukocytes. (Both T, Both F, T/F, F/T) |
|
|
Term
| a. availability of blood, pocket depths, redox potential, pO2 |
|
Definition
different regions of plaque may play an important role in different diseases of the teeth and periodontium. differences in the composition of the plaque can be attributed, in part, to:
a. the local availability of blood products, pocket depths, redox potential, pO2
b. pocket depths, blood type, filling material used throughout the mouth
c. redox potential, materia alba, the patients insurance carrier
d. none of the above |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (T/F) The accumulation and metabolism of bacteria on oral hard and soft tissues is considered to be the primary cause of gingivitis, periodontitis and caries. If a person has poor oral hygiene, and an abundance of plaque, eventually the person will develop periodontal disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (T/F) Co-aggregation is the term used to describe the ability of bacteria to exist on or in the host tissue w/o causing damage. |
|
|
Term
| c. anaerobic, asaccharolytic and utilize amino acids and small peptides as energy sources |
|
Definition
The bacteria that predominate in mature plaque are:
a. aerobic, saccharolytic, and utilize hamburger meat as an energy source
b. aerobic, asaccharolytic and utilize amino acids and small peptides as energy sources
c. anaerobic, asaccharolytic, and utilize a.a. and small peptides as energy sources
d. facultative, thermophylic and do not need an energy source |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (T/F) Biofilms form on virtually all surfaces immersed in natural aqueous environments. Biofilms can effectively protect bacteria from antimicrobial agents. |
|
|
Term
| actinobacillus actinomycecomitans |
|
Definition
| The organism first recognized as a possible periodontal pathogen by its increased frequency of detection and higher numbers in lesions of localized juvenile periodontitis is _____ _____. |
|
|
Term
| bacteroides forsythus, P.gingivalis, A.a. |
|
Definition
The following periodontal pathogens have the ability to invade epithelial cells
a. strep sanguis, A.a, prevotella intermedia
b. bacteroides forsythus, P.g., A.a.
c. P.g., A.a., Clostridium difficile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (T/F) An important virulence factor for A.a. is the presence of leukotoxin, which binds to neutrophils and other leukocytes and forms pores in the membranes of these target cells. These pores overwhelm the ability of the cell to sustain osmotic homeostasis. |
|
|
Term
| C. A.a., P.gingivalis, P.intermedia |
|
Definition
LPS is found in the following bacteria:
a. A.a., P.g., and staph epidermidis
b. Group B strep, pseudo aeruginosa and P.g.
c. A.a., P.g., and P.i.
d. actinomyces viscosus, enterobacter cloacae, staph epidermidis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (T/F) LPS has been known to stimulate cytokine secretion in monocytes and macrophages. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The following is an example of a spindle shaped rod:
a. peptostreptococcus micros
b. fusobacterium nucleatum
c. staph aureus
d. strep intermedia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Predominantly g(-), in contact w/junctional and sulcular epithelium, contains periodontal pathogens, and may be the advancing front of the periodontal lesions are all characteristics of the ____ zone of plaque. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ is the most common isolate in subgingival plaque samples. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: The levels of P. intermedia have been shown to be particularly elevated in ANUG. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: The term biofilm is rather generic and refers to a microbial community associated w/non shedding material. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (Spirochetes, A.a., B forsythus, c.rectus) are organisms with a strong association to ANUG. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Periodontal pathogenic bacteria (May/May Not) be detected in clinically healthy mouths. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Virulence factors of periodontal pathogens include all of the following except:
- mitochondria
- LPS
- ability to penetrate epithelial cells
- bacteroicins
- B/C/D
- A/B/C |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| As periodontal disease progress the pH of the periodontal pocket (increases/decreases/stays the same) as the pockets deepen and the host inflammatory response is induced. |
|
|
Term
| bacteria, host response, environmental modifications |
|
Definition
| Periodontal disease results from a complex interplay between ___, ___ ___, and ___ ____. |
|
|
Term
| prevotella intermedia only |
|
Definition
Which of the following are g(-) and associated w/PDD?
- A. viscosus
- P. intermedia
- P. micros
- S. sanguis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (T/F) Endotoxins are an integral part of the intercellular matrix of all g(-) organisms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gingivitis may progress to periodontitis if: 1. the bacteria overwhelm the defense system of the host and penetrates soft tissue 2. bacterial plaque remains on the tooth long enough. (both correct, both incorrect, 1 only, 2 only) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The following organisms have been shown to produce an exotoxin specific for neutrophils:
- A. a.
- A. viscosus
- P. gingivalis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (T/F) Pellicle forms continuously on epithelium. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (T/F) Initial colonization of the pellicle-coated tooth surface is predominated by gram (+) anaerobic bacteria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: the presence of multiple risk factors implies an increase in the probability of a disease occurring. If risk factors are removed, the probability of a disease occurring increases further. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (T/F) Old people always have PDD. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Smoking increases an individuals risk of...
- root caries
- oral cancer
- heart disease
- osteoporosis
- all of the above
- none of the above |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: The outcome of periodontal therapy in a well controlled diabetic may be the same as a non diabetic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ % of patients with refactory PDD are smokers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (T/F) The use of chewing tobacco has been associated w/localized loss of periodontal attachment. (T/F) It has also been implicated in severe periodontal bone loss. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cigarette smokers are ___ times more likely to develop severe periodontitis versus non-smokers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (T/F) In untreated deep sites, smoking has been shown to decrease O2 tension. (T/F) This creates an environment ideal for sub-g anaerobic bacteria. |
|
|
Term
| adult (chronic) periodontitis |
|
Definition
| P. gingivalis has been implicated in LJP and... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The specific plaque hypothesis has been shown to be valid because we know that plaque + time = disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: Women have more PDD than men. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: Smokers have 2xs the odds of having PDD compared to non-smokers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increased # of blood vessels, epithelial ridges extending deep into CT, increased vascular permeability, disruption of epithelial cell junctions, increased probing depths and red, spongy edematous tissue describes ____ gingiva. |
|
|
Term
1. loss of bone
2. loss of periodontal ligament fibers
3. presence of dense inflammatory cell infiltrate (PMNs) |
|
Definition
| List the 3 characteristics of periodontitis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ is dead bacteria and dead WBCs coming out of sulci. This is a significant inflammatory response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Migration of the junctional epithelium apically along root surface in loss of attachment is ______ when the free gingival margin follows the epithelial attachment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Migration of the junctional epithelium apically along the root surface in loss of attachment is ____ ____ when the free gingival margin increases in length. |
|
|
Term
| probe going into/through the junctional epithelium into surrounding connective tissue. |
|
Definition
| Bleeding on probing is caused by: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A Periodontal ____ is 1-3mm and healthy where epithelium attaches to enamel. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A periodontal ____ is 4+ mm with attachment loss and inflammation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A tooth with no epithelial attachment = _____. |
|
|
Term
| False! Narrow teeth are more mobile than wide teeth. |
|
Definition
| T/F: Wide teeth are more mobile than narrow teeth. |
|
|
Term
| 1.5-2mm normal, >2mm = bone loss |
|
Definition
Normal crest of alveolar bone = __-__ mm from CEJ.
>___ = bone loss. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: Pemphigoid is non-lethal but Pemphigus vulgaris is life threatening and looks like pemphigoid but also presents w/loss of fluid and electrolytes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: NUP is a spirochetal infection often associated with stress or the immunocompromized. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Fixott-Everett grid is used to ____ bone in radiographs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: 2- and 3-walled defecs are identifiable in intraoral radiography. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Intra-oral radiography requires __-__% mineral loss before detection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ is used for implant imaging and ____ radiography can detect 5% bone loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The alveolar bone in the ____ is knife-edged, but in the ___ it is blunt. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alveolar bone is usually ___mm from the CEJ. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: The lamina dura's appearance depends on occlusal stress. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| PDL space is between __-__mm thick, but varies from patient to patient. Occlusal stress, trauma, early periapical lesion and periodontal disease widens this space. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ bone loss occurs in a line parallel with a line drawn from CEJ of one tooth to another, when generalize may suggest systemic factor. ____ bone loss is greater on the proximal of one tooth than on the adjacent tooth, not parallel with the CEJ and has a more complex etiology. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ ___ is a vertical osseous defect that is two walled and trough like along the crest of interdental bone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ ___ are vertical osseous defects that can be 1-, 2- or 3-walled. |
|
|
Term
| maxillary molars, mandibular involvement. |
|
Definition
| ___ ___ are more likely to develop furcation involvement and is usually the palatal root, but ___ involvement is most sharply defined. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ periodontitis is localized erosion of interproximal bone, on the anteriors the alveolar bone crest is blunted with a slight loss of bone height, in the posteriors there is a loss of sharp angle between lamina dura and alveolar crest. Attachment loss is seen in 6-8 months |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ periodontitis is the progression of early changes with buccal and lingual cortical plate resorption, also generalized horizontal bone loss and localized vertical bone loss. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ periodontitis is extensive bone loss, mobility, horizontal bone loss, vertical osseous defects and lesions are more extensive than radiograph depicts. |
|
|
Term
1. be associated with disease, as evident by increases in number of organisms at diseases site
2. be elimintaed or decreased in sites that demonstrate clinical resolution of disease w/tx
3. demonstrate host response, in form of alteration in host cellular or humoral immune response
4. be capable of causing disease in experimental animal models
5. demonstrate virulence factors responsible for enabling the microorganism to cause destruction of PDD |
|
Definition
| List the 5 modified Koch's postulates. According to these criteria, a potential pathogen must: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ ____ are properties that enable bacterium to cause disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In order to be considered a ____, a bacterium must colonize the appropriate host site and then cause destruction of the host tissues. |
|
|
Term
| evade host defense mechanisms |
|
Definition
| In order for bacteria to colonize, they must ____ ___ ___ ___. |
|
|
Term
1. factors that enable bacteria to colonize and invade host tissues
2. factors that enable bacteria to directly/indirectly cause host damage |
|
Definition
| Virulence properties may be categorized into 2 grousp: 1. ___________ 2. _________ |
|
|
Term
| gingival crevicular fluid |
|
Definition
| ____ ____ ____ is found within the gingival sulcus and periodontal pocket and flows from the base of the pocket outward. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| _____ is a necessary virulence factor for periodontal pathogens to colonize periodontal pocket/sulcus because of gingival crevicular fluid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| _____ _____ colonizes in the periodontal environment through fimbrae to the proline rich proteins found on the surface of the tooth. |
|
|
Term
| co-ggregation, A.viscosus, S.sanguis |
|
Definition
| _______ is the attachment of different bacteria strains to one another. An example is the adherence of _____ trough fimbriae to polysaccharide receptor on ______. |
|
|
Term
| aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Treponema denticola (Td) |
|
Definition
| _____ ____, ___ ____ and ____ ____ have been shown to directly invade host tissues. |
|
|
Term
1. those that directly result in tissue degradation
2. those that cause the release of biologically active substances from the host tissues |
|
Definition
| The bacterial properties involved in tissue destruction may be divided into two categories: |
|
|
Term
| ammonia, volatiles sulfur compounds, fatty acids, peptides and indole |
|
Definition
| Bacterial products that inhibit the growth or alter metabolism of host tissue cells include metabolic by-products such as ____, ___ ____ ____, ___ ___, _____ and _____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ ____ produces a wide range of proteases (enzymes) including collagenase, fobronectin, and immunoglobulins. |
|
|
Term
| collagenase, fibronectin, and immunoglobulins |
|
Definition
| P.gingivalis produces wide range of proteases including _____, ____ and____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ are cell regulators that have major influence on the production and activation of wide range of immunoligic and inflammatory reactions (ex. interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor and prostaglandins when exposres to endotoxin). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The time necessary to develop clinically detectable marginal gingivitis ranged from ___-___ days. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| With reinstitution of oral hygiene procedures experimental gingival inflammation resolved in about ___ week(s). |
|
|
Term
| 90-100% g(+) --> 40-50% g(-) |
|
Definition
| As marginal plaque matures, the composition shofts from predominantly g(+) [__-__%] to one rich in g(-) forms [__-__%]. |
|
|
Term
| False!! Distal > Mid buccal (because of no cheeks to buff teeth), Mid-buccal > lingual (because tongue is better than cheeks at removing plaque) and posterior > anterior |
|
Definition
| T/F: According to the 2nd study we learned about, more plaque was found in the distal than mid-buccal, more mid-buccally than lingually and more anteriorly than posteriorly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T/F: In general, there is a strong relation between poor oral hygiene and gingivitis, but not as strong between poor oral hygiene and risk of developing periodontitis. |
|
|
Term
supra = whitish/yellow
sub = dark brown |
|
Definition
| Supra-gingival calculus is ____/____ in color and sub-gingival is ____/_____ in color. |
|
|
Term
| fimbriae, pili ad fibrillae |
|
Definition
| ____, ____, and ____ are virulence factors assisting with bacterial attachment and prevention of phagocytosis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A ____ is a virulence factor assisting in protection, attachment and prevention of phaygocytosis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ is a virulence factor that activates the inflammation response, cytokine production and leads to bone resorption. |
|
|
Term
| ulcerations, direct penetration |
|
Definition
| Bacteria may enter the host by ____ in the epithelium or by ____ _____ into the host tissues, which is less common. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| susceptible host + pathogens + lack of beneficial bugs = ____ ____ |
|
|
Term
A.a., P.gingivalis, P.intermedia, T.forsythus, F.nucleatum, P.micros, C.recta
a. actinomycetemcomitans, p. gingivalis, p. intermedia, t. fosythia, f. nucleatum, p. micros, c. rectus |
|
Definition
| Presence of ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____ suggests disease. |
|
|
Term
| actinomycese species, s.mitis, s. sanguis, capnocytophaga species and v. parvula |
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Definition
| Absence of beneficial species such as ____, ____, ____, ____ and ____ suggest disease. |
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Term
| non-specific plaque theory |
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Definition
| plaque + time = disease according to the ________ ____ _____. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ____ is a thin, bacteria-free layer of salivary proteins attached to the tooth surface within minutes of a professional cleaning. |
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Term
| g(+) cocci and rods, also some g(-) cocci and rods |
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Definition
| In young supra-gingival plaquq there is mainly g(___) ____ and ____. |
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Term
|
Definition
| In aged supra-gingival plaque there is an increase in g(__) ____ bacteria. |
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Term
|
Definition
| In unattached sub-g plaque there is mostly g(___) ____ bacteria and are in direct contact with junctional and sulcular epithelium. |
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Term
| localized aggressive periodontitis |
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Definition
| ____ ____ periodontitis has a strong associatation with genetics, typically affects permanent 1st molar and/or permanent incisors and there is not a lot of plaque seen. |
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Term
| A.a., P.gingivalis, T.forsythus |
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Definition
| ____, ____ and ____ have a very strong association with Periodontal diseases. |
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Term
| P.gingivitis, P.intermedia, F.nucleatum, A.a., C.recta, T.forsythus, treponema species |
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Definition
| Bacteria associated with chronic periodontitis = ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____ and ____ species. |
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|
Term
| A.a., P.intermedia, and P.gingivalis |
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Definition
| Bacteria associated with localized aggressive periodontitis = ___, ____ and ___. |
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|
Term
| T.forsythus, P.gingivalis, P.intermedia and C.recta |
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Definition
| Bacteria associated with refractory disease periodontitis = ___, ____, ___ and ____. |
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Term
| P.i. and intermediate sized spirochetes |
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Definition
| Bacteria associated with ANUG = ___ and intermediate sized ____. |
|
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Term
| candida albicans, p.gingivalis, p.intermedia, f.nucleatum, a.a. and c.recta |
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Definition
| bacteria associated with HIV-associated gingivitis = _____ (a yeast), _____, ____, ____, ___ and ____. |
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Term
| Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.) |
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Definition
| ______ is small, non-motile, g(-), facultative anaerobe that is saccharolytic, coccobacillus that makes small convex colonies w/star shaped center. |
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Term
|
Definition
| ____ shows an increase in frequency in aggressive cases, prevalence in 90% in LAP and 30-50% in severe chronic periodontitis and has many serotypes with some being more pathogenic than others. |
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|
Term
| 90% LAP, 30-50% severe chronic periodontitis |
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Definition
| A.a. is prevalent in ____% of LAP and ___-___% of severe chronic periodontitis. |
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|
Term
| A.a, T.forsythus, and P.gingivalis |
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Definition
| The following organisms have the ability to invade host epithelial cells: ____, ____ and ____. |
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Term
|
Definition
| ____ has an exotoxin similar to botulinum, tetanus, diptheria, leukotoxin and several endotoxins. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Leukotoxin produced by ___ is thought to kill PMNs an monocytes from blood and PMNs from the pocket. Leukotoxin is an _____. |
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Term
|
Definition
| ___/endotoxin can exert a variety of activities that promote tissue damage once released. |
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|
Term
| cytotoxic effects, complement activation and bone resorption |
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Definition
| LPS release causes ____ effects, ____ activation, and _____ resorption. |
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Term
|
Definition
| _____ is g(-), anaerobic, non-motile, asaccharolytic, rod-shaped "black pigmented bacteroides" that forms dark brown-black colonies. |
|
|
Term
| elevated pH, thick capsule to resist phagocytosis |
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Definition
| P.g. is able to grow at ____ pH and also has a ____ for a virulence factor. |
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Term
|
Definition
| ___ stimulates cytokine secretion in monocytes and macrophages |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ has the following virulence factors: ability to grow at elevated pH, thick capsule, LPS, fimbriae, proteinases and toxic products |
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Term
|
Definition
| ____ is a g(-), anaerobic, spindle shaped, pleomorphic, growth enhanced by F.n., and has the ability to invade epithelial cells. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ is a part of the black pigmented bacteroides, g(-), anaerobic, short, rounded rods, and is elevated in ANUG. |
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Term
|
Definition
| ____ is a g(-), anaerobic, spindle shaped rod that is most commonly isolated from sub-g samples. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| _____ is a g(-) anaerobic, short motile vibrio that produces a leukotoxin and forms small convex spreading colonies on blood agar. |
|
|
Term
| peptostreptococcus micros |
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Definition
| ____ is a g(+) anaerobic small coccus that is asaccharolytic. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ are g(-) anaerobic helical shaped bacteria related to ANUG. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| An ____ shows attachment loss greater than 2-2.5mm in 2 months. |
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Term
|
Definition
| An active site shows attachment loss greater than __-__ mm in __ months. |
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