Term
| What technological advances helped Europeans explore the oceans? |
|
Definition
- Better maps.
- Astrolabe (determines latitude at sea).
- Magnetic compass (for direction).
|
|
|
Term
| Which country was the first to search for a new sea route to Asia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was Bartholomeau Dias? |
|
Definition
He rounded the southern tip of Africa in 1488. The tip became known as "Cape of Good Hope" because it opened sea route to Asia (storm blew Dias off course).
Portugal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
He sailed around Africa to India in 1497.
Portugal. |
|
|
Term
| Who was Ferdinand Magellan? |
|
Definition
He sailed around South America to the Pacific Ocean in a voyage that involved several European countries in 1519. Magellan's crew was the first to sail around the world.
Portugal. |
|
|
Term
| Who was Christopher Columbus? |
|
Definition
He sailed west to "India", which was really the Carribean Islands. He called the inhabitants Indians and had no idea that the American continents existed.
Spain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Portugal took control of the Indian Ocean from the Muslims and part of the most important Arab trading city in the East Indies (Malacca). They onquered cities on east coast of Africa and controlled the spice trade between Europe and Asia. |
|
|
Term
| What did the Dutch do during the 1500s? |
|
Definition
| As Portugal's power over the Indian Ocean declined, the Netherlands challenged Portugese power and set up colonies around the world. In 1641, they captured Malacca and began trading with China. |
|
|
Term
| What did the Spanish do during the 1500s? |
|
Definition
| Spain seized the Philippines while Portugese and Dutch were setting up bases and in 1521, Magellan established Spain's claim. Catholic missionaries set out to convert Filipinos and the Philippines became a key link in their trading empire. |
|
|
Term
| What was the most powerful empire in India? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
He fought and destroyed the Aztec Empire in Mexico in 1521. The Aztec leader Montezuma died in the fighting. |
|
|
Term
| Who is Francisco Pizarro? |
|
Definition
| He fought and destroyed the Incan Empire in Peru in 1532. The Incan leader Atahualpa died in the fighting. |
|
|
Term
| Why was it so easy for the Spanish to conquer the Inca and Aztec Empires? |
|
Definition
- Used horses and advanced weapons: cannons, guns, etc.
- Dissenting Native American tribes fought with Spain.
- European diseases wiped out millions of natives resulting in decreased morale by the natives.
|
|
|
Term
| Where was Spain's empire? |
|
Definition
| It scretched from California to South America. |
|
|
Term
| What happened in the 1600s? |
|
Definition
| Spanish power began to decline as England and France challenged their dominant position. The British claimed the East Coast and established colonies at Jamestown and Plymouth. France claimed territory from Canada to Louisiana. |
|
|
Term
| What kind of plantations were established in the New World? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many black slaves were shipped in from Africa annually? |
|
Definition
| Between 75,000 to 90,000. |
|
|
Term
| What were the settlement impacts on Native Americans? |
|
Definition
| Native population plummeted and bitter fighting erupted. |
|
|
Term
| What was the impact that the Native Americans had on European settlements? |
|
Definition
- The settlers learned to grow corn, beats, squash and tomatoes.
- The settlers learned to hunt and trap forest animals.
- Indian trails became highways for settlers.
|
|
|
Term
| Where did the Vikings reach? |
|
Definition
| Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. |
|
|
Term
| What was the Treaty of Tordesillas? |
|
Definition
| It split the riches of Spain and Portugal's explorations between the two countries and split the Americas themselves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He established British presence in the Americas and laid claim to what will be the thirteen colonies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He tried to replicate Da Gama's voyage and ended up on the eastern shore of South America. |
|
|
Term
| What was the capital of the Aztec Empire and where was it located? |
|
Definition
| Tenochtitlan and Lake Texcoco. |
|
|
Term
| What was considered to be an honor? |
|
Definition
| To be chosen to be a human sacrifice. |
|
|
Term
| What kind of writing did the Aztecs have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did the Aztecs document their history? |
|
Definition
| They kept written records of their history and religious practices in books called codices. |
|
|
Term
| What was the disease that wiped out half of Tenochtitlan? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was Sir Francis Drake? |
|
Definition
| He raided Spanish ships and explored the coast of California. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He established France's claim to territory in the New World. |
|
|
Term
| Who was Amerigo Vespucci? |
|
Definition
| He wrote about the new continent. |
|
|
Term
| Who was Vasco Nunez de Balboa? |
|
Definition
| He crossed the Isthmus of Panama on foot. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He found Florida, giving Spain a foothold in North America. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He spent a winter in Vinland, located at the northeastern tip of Newfoundland. |
|
|
Term
| Who was Hernando De Soto? |
|
Definition
| He found the Mississippi River. |
|
|
