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| The earliest Chinese dynasty |
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| During the early 1200s, China was defeated by invading Mongols |
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| Significant Chinese inventions |
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| paper, compass, gunpowder, printing, and cast iron |
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| during the 12th century large cities grew. Several cities in China increased to populations of over one million people. |
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| China's history can be traced back to a very early period. In fact, China's first dynasty began about the same time that Moses was commanded to lead Israel out of Egyptian captivity. |
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| After a century of peaceful trade, the Muslims in the Middle East closed the East-West trade routes and renewed their attacks on what remained of the Byzantine Empire. Europeans still wanted goods from the Far East. With the closing of the land routes, Europeans looked for other ways to the East. The search for new routes started this age. |
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| regarded as the lowest members of society for over two thousand years. |
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| goods imported into China from Africa |
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| A strong metal that is more durable than iron developed by the Chinese |
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| The family is very important in Chinese culture. The cult of this type of worship became the leading religion early in Chinese history. Almost every home in China contained an altar where the Chinese burned incense to honor their dead. They hoped this would cause their ancestors to bless and guide them. |
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| a Chinese teacher who taught Confucianism which taught ethical behavior within five human relationships: father and son, elder and younger brothers, husband and wife, friend and friend, and ruler and subjects. |
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| Religion from India that became influential in China. It is founded on four Noble Truths: 1. Suffering is part of all existence, 2. Suffering has a cause-selfish desires, 3. Suffering can be overcome by destroying selfish desires, 4. If man follows the Eightfold Path, he will destroy selfish desires and end suffering. |
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| a religion developed in China, taught that peace and harmony can be found by living in harmony with nature. This is a very passive religion that rejects striving after power, wealth, and learning |
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| Developed the religion Taoism |
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| The decline of a central government caused Japan to pass into an extended period of feudalism where people answered to local Lords or rulers instead of one central government |
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| Japanese title meaning "great general" |
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| (or bushi) the name of the Japanese Warrior |
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| The code that the Samurai (or bushi) lived by. Means "the way of the warrior" |
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| practice of a warrior's committing suicide rather than be captured or prove disloyal to his master. |
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| an ancient form of Japanese religion. It was originally a form of nature worship. The Japanese believed that everything in nature that was unusual, such as fire, a waterfall, or high mountains possessed deity. |
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| came to Japan from China near the end of the 12th century |
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| easily moved homes built by the Mongols |
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| In 1206 he (Temujin) became the supreme leader over all the Mongol tribes who gave him this title. His empire spanned Central Asia from Beijing in northern China to Russia. |
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| Great law code created by Chinggis Khan |
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| an method used by Mongols to defeat town barriers such as walls and motes. They fired arrows and flaming objects in to the city for weeks, kept food from entering the city, and borrowed rocket technology from the Chinese and fired gunpowder-filled bamboo rockets into the towns. While not accurate this method terrified towns into giving up. |
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| an effective tactic used by the Mongols where they would pretend to be defeated and leave only to ambush the people of the town when they came out to plunder the Mongol camp |
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| in 1274 and 1281 Kublai (grandson of Chinggis) sent troops to try to conquer Japan. The first time with 30,000 troops and the second time 140,000 troops. Each time Japan (a military state) was able to protect themselves with the help of storms which destroyed both of Kublai's fleets. Japanese monks gave credit to this ("divine wind") for protecting Japan. These victories led to a myth that the Japanese could not be defeated. This myth was not destroyed until WWII. |
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| Another grandson of Chinggis conquered Russia and led Mongol forces into Eastern Europe and even though he was victorious in the Battle of Liengnitz he pulled his forces back to the Volga River in Russia. Western Europe was spared from conquest by the Mongols. |
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| name Mongol forces were know as between 1237-1240 in Europe |
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| A combined force of Poles, Czechs, and Germans tried to stop the Mongols at this Battle. The Mongols prevailed and were named the victors of this battle. |
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| Empire established in Western Asia by Batu Khan |
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| (meaning"the great god of heaven") this was the supreme god who Mongols believed was the supreme god who ruled all the spirits. |
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| men who the Mongols believed had power over the spirits. These men were the priests of the traditional Mongol religion called shamanism. |
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| established in 1368 after the Mongols were expelled. This dynasty sought to remove all traces of the Mongol rule. |
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| Timur ruled the Mongols in Central Asia during the second half of the 14th century. He got his name because he was lame. Despite his physical limitations he was a powerful conqueror. He, with cruelty, expanded his empire from Turkey to India capturing Baghdad and Damascus, defeating the Ottomon Turks. He also invaded southern Russia and weakened the Golden Horde. After his death the empire collapsed because he concentrated on collecting treasures in battle instead of building a well-ruled empire |
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| The last Mongol Empire was this small dynasty in India |
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| the most famous Mughal ruler, known to be very wise and generous. Extended his empire over most of India. After his death there were no strong leaders and the empire slowly declined until the British finally took over in the 19th century |
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| one of India's greatest architecture built during the Mughal dynasty |
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| Crop that is a major part of the Chinese diet |
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| The capitol of Japan since 1603 |
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| were nomads who lived in tribes on the Mongolian plateau north of China |
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