Term
| list the stages of pregnancy |
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Definition
Early pregnancy = < 12 weeks
Mid pregnancy = > 13 weeks, < 27 weeks
Late pregnancy = > 28 weeks
Term pregnancy = > 37 weeks |
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Term
| how long is the gestation period? |
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Definition
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Term
what happens to VO2 in pregnant women?
what about rest and submax VO2? |
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Definition
no change!
resting and submax increase up to 30% |
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Term
| what happens to resting and submax HR in pregnant women? |
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Definition
| increase (about 1-15 beats above normal - due to decrease in vagal tone and to meet the metabolic demands of the body) |
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Term
| what happens to stroke volume in pregnant women? |
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Definition
increases
cardiac output also increases by up to 50% for adequate blood supply to all tissues including the placenta. This places extra burden on the heart which sometimes responds by growing slightly larger than normal. |
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Term
| what happens to A-VO2 diff. in pregnant women? |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens to peripheral resistance in pregnant women? |
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Definition
| decreases (vasodilation in uterus, skin, breasts, GI tract, and kidneys) |
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Term
| what happens to blood volume in pregnant women? |
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Definition
| increases (RBC count increases and salt and water are retained) |
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Term
| what happens to tidal volume and respiratory frequency in pregnant women? |
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Definition
TV increases at rest and decreases during submax exercise
Resp. frequency - increased at rest and decreased during submax exercise
women will also notice SOB with mild exertion (diaphragm cannot fully contract) |
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Term
| how does progesterone play a role in respiratory rate in pregnant women? |
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Definition
| progesterone causes an increased sensitivity to CO2, so the respiratory rate increases from baseline. |
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Term
| If all variables of the oxygen transport system increase, then why is exercise so difficult during pregnancy!? |
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Definition
1. heart is already working harder to pump increased blood volume, so there is less cardiac reserve.
2. more weight due to fetus, so greater oxygen cost. |
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Term
| what are metabolic/thermoregulation changes with pregnancy? (BMR, metabolic rate during ex, heat production, skin blood supply, sweating threshold, core temp) |
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Definition
BMR - increased
metabolic rate during exercise - increase
heat production - increased
blood supply to skin - increased
sweating threshold - decreased
core temp - increased |
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Term
| is the fetus at danger or overheating? |
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Definition
| NO! the mother's body is very efficient at ridding the body of heat produced during the exercise and keeps the fetus out of danger |
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Term
| list 5 changes of the musculo-skeletal system. |
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Definition
1. weight gain (uterus grows and baby grows)
2. center of gravity moves up and forward
3. increased joint laxity (increase in hormone relaxin)
4. increased back pain
5. increased lordodic curve/anterior pelvic tilt |
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Term
| describe 2 functions of Relaxin and one possible danger of too much of this hormone. |
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Definition
1. allows for pelvic girdle relaxation
2. increases joint laxity among other joints as well
increased joint mobility can lead to an increased risk for injury. |
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Term
| Name 5 changes that occur during the first trimester. |
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Definition
1.hormone levels fluctuate dramatically leading to nausea.
2.fatigue increases
3.body weight increases
4.metabolic rate increases
5.fetus enlarges, puts pressure on bladder |
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Term
| why is the 1st trimester referred to as a critical period? |
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Definition
| because rapid cell division and growth occur within an organ system. women need to take extra care and avoid harmful behaviors to ensure optimal fetus development. |
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Term
| list some changes that occur during the second trimester. |
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Definition
1.body adjusts to hormones, nausea subsides
2.fatigue MAY decrease
3.nasal congestion may appear (breathing is difficult due to high levels of estrogen and progesterone)
4.fetus enlarges leading to back pain and more pressure on bladder. (change in center of balance)
5.joints become less stable (increased relaxin)
6.edema increases |
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Term
| what trimester is considered glory time of pregancy? |
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Definition
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