Term
| Purposes of the cardiorespiratory system |
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Definition
transport o2 and nutrients to tissues
Removal of co2 wastes from tissues
Regulation of body temperature |
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Term
| 2 major adjustments of blood flow during exercise |
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Definition
Increased cardiac output
redistribution of blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
| Creates pressure to pump blood |
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Term
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Definition
| carry blood AWAY from heart |
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Term
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Definition
| exchange of o2 co2 and nutrients with tissues |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
right side of the heart
pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs and returns oxygenated blood back |
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Term
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Definition
Left side of heart
pumps oxygenated blood throughout body
brings deoxygenated blood back to heart |
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Term
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Definition
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium |
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Term
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Definition
Blockage in coronary blood flow results in heart muscle damage
exercise training protects against muscle and cell damage during it |
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Term
| Exercise training and heart |
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Definition
Exercise is cardioprotective
less heart attacks
better survival rate during heart attacks
More capillaries means more blood can get around heart |
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Term
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Definition
contraction phase
ejection of blood |
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Term
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Definition
relaxation phase
filling of blood |
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Term
| Exercise's effects on systole and diastole |
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Definition
| decreases the amount of time spent in phases |
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Term
| Pressure changes in Diasole Cardiac cycle |
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Definition
low pressure in ventricles
allows blood to come in |
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Term
| Pressure changes in Systole cardiac cycle |
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Definition
High pressure in ventricles
pushes blood out |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| closing of aortic and pulmonary valves |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pressure during ventricle contration |
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Term
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Definition
| pressure during cardiac relaxation |
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Term
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Definition
| Systolic pressure - Diastolic pressure |
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Term
| MAP (Mean Arterial Pressure) |
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Definition
Average pressure in the arteries
Diastolic BP + .33(Pulse Pressure)
Average is ~83 mmHg |
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Term
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Definition
Blood pressure above 140/90mmHg
Risk factor for:
Left ventricular growth
atherosclerosis and heart attack
Kidney damage
stroke |
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Term
| Factors that influence Arterial Pressure |
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Definition
Cardiac Output
Total Vascular resistance |
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Term
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Definition
Output of blood per minute
Heart rate X Stroke volume |
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Term
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Definition
How big arteries are
effects how much blood goes through them |
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Term
| Short term regulation of Blood Pressure |
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Definition
sympathetic system
Baroreceptors in aorta and carotid arteries |
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Term
| Sympathetic nervous system effects on Blood pressure |
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Definition
Vasoconstriction
Increase in BP= decreased Sympathetic
Decrease in BP= increased sympathetic |
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Term
| Long term regulation of Bloop pressure |
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Definition
| controlled by kidneys (controls volume of blood in body) |
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Term
| What does contraction of heart depend on |
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Definition
| Electrical stimulation of the myocardium |
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Term
| Conduction system in heart |
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Definition
SA node (sinoatrial)
AV node (atrioventricular)
Bundle Branches
Purkinje Fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| pacemaker, initiates depolarization in heart |
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Term
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Definition
passes depolarization to ventricles
brief delay (AV delay) to allow ventricles to fill with blood |
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Term
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Definition
| splits the branches of heart nerves to the left and right ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| superhighway of heart nerves that go throughout ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
Records the electrical activity of heart
indicates abnormalies to find heart disease of malfunction |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Ventricle depolarization and atrial repolarization |
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Term
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Definition
| Ventricular repolarization |
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Term
| How long is the normal heart electrical cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Lack of Oxygen to heart muscle |
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Term
| What does a ST segment depression mean? |
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Definition
| suggests myocardial ischmemia |
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Term
| What pressure increases during exercise? |
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Definition
| Systolic pressure increases |
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Term
| How can blood pressure be increased? |
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Definition
increase in blood volume
increase in heart rate
increase in blood viscosity
increase in stroke volume
increase in Vascular resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of Heart beats per minute |
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Term
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Definition
amount of blood ejected per beat
regulated by:
EDV
Blood Pressure
Strength of ventricle contraction |
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Term
| Parasympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
Via vagus nerve
Slows HR by inhibiting SA and AV node |
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Term
| Sympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
via cardiac accelerator nerves
increases HR by stimulating SA and AV nodes |
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Term
| Parasympathetic withdrawl |
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Definition
first step when heart starts to increase
raises heartbeat to ~100 beats/min
need sympathetic stimulation to get more BPM |
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Term
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Definition
reduce heart rate and workload on heart
decrease HR during exercise |
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Term
| EDV (end diastolic volume) |
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Definition
Volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole
Dependent on venous return
"pre-load" |
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Term
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Definition
Greater EDV results in more forceful contraction
due to stretch of ventricles
"Rubber Band" |
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Term
| What is Venous return increased by? |
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Definition
Vasocontriction (Sympathetic stimulation)
Respiratory pump |
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Term
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Definition
changes in pressure in chest cavity due to volume of lungs
Increased volume of lungs= decrease in pressure |
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Term
| What happens when venous return is increase? |
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Definition
Increase in stroke volume
More EDV
increase in blood volume that can push out of heart |
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Term
| how long can stroke volume be increase? |
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Definition
only until heart rate is 40% of max
blood doesn't have enough time to rush in
HR must increase after |
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Term
| What does a increase in MAP mean? |
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Definition
A decrease in stroke volume
An increase in "Afterload" |
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Term
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Definition
liquid portion of blood
contains ions, proteins, and hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| contain hemoglobin to carry oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| important in preventing and fighting infection |
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Term
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Definition
| important particles in blood for clotting |
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Term
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Definition
| % of blood composed of cells |
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Term
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Definition
| right atrial pressure / resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| proportional to the difference between MAP and right atrial pressure |
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