Term
|
Definition
Control of the internal environment
Voluntary control of movement
programming spinal cord reflexes
records and stores experiences (memory) |
|
|
Term
| Organization of Nervous system |
|
Definition
(CNS)-Brain/spinal cord
(PNS)-sensory/motor divisions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Afferent fibers
-receptors to CNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Efferent fibers
-CNS to effector organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| send impulses to cell body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sends impulses away from cell body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contact points between axon of one neuron and dendrites of another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
disease that makes myelin shealths breakdown
causes motor impairment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it to a neural impulse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transmission of the impulse along the axon |
|
|
Term
| Resting Membrane Potential |
|
Definition
the negative charge a cell has at rest
~-75 mV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
permeabillity of plasma membrane to ions
difference in ion conc. across membrane
(Na,K, Cl, Ca) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
maintains RMP
K tends to leak out of cell
2K in/3 Na out
powered by ATP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occurs when a strong enough stimulus depolarizes the cell
Na channels open, Na leaks into cell (causes inside of cell to become positive) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cell returning to RMP
K SHOOTS out of cell
Na channels shut |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Once nerve shoots, its sends signal the length of the axon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transport neurotransmitters in packets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small gap between presynaptic cleft and postsynaptic cleft |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chemical messenger released from presynaptic cleft
binds to receptor and causes depolarization of postsyaptic membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Excitatory post synaptic potentials
Causes depolarization
-Temporal and Spatial summation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| summing several EPSP's from one presynaptic neuron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Summing from several different presynaptic neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inhibitory PostSynaptic Potential
causes hyperpolarization (more negative, harder to fire) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Receptors that provide CNS with information about body position
Located in joints and muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Knowing where and how fast we are moving limbs |
|
|
Term
| 3 types of joint proprioceptors |
|
Definition
Free nerve endings
Golgi-type receptors
Pacinian corpuscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sensitive to touch and pressure
initially strongly stimulated, then adapt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
found in ligaments and around joints
similar to free nerve endings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in tissues around joints
detect rate of joint rotation |
|
|
Term
| Muscle Proprioreceptor's function |
|
Definition
| provide sensory feedback to nervous system |
|
|
Term
| types of muscle receptors |
|
Definition
Muscle spindle
Golgi tendon organ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Responds to muscle length changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Part of muscle spindle that runs parallel to muscle fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of muscle spindle that stimulates intrafusal fibers (alpha motor neuron) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a stretch on a muscle causes a reflex contraction
Ex. Knee Jerk reflex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Monitors force/tension development, prevents damage during excessive force generation
Stimulation results in muscle reflex relaxation (IPSP's to muscles)
Ability to voluntarily oppose GTO inhibition may be related to strength gains (allows muscle to push limit further) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sensitive to changes in the chemical environment (H, K ions, CO2)
Provides CNS with info about Metabolic rate of muscle activity (needed in cardiovascular regulation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
does not require brain receptors
reflex of muscle in response to sensory input |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Opposite limb supports body during withdrawal of injured limb |
|
|
Term
| Somatic motor division (PNS) |
|
Definition
| carries neural messages from spinal cord to skeletal muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Number of muscle fibers per motor neuron
Low ratio= more control
High ratio= more strength |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Recruitment of more muscle fibers through motor unit activation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Smallest motor units recruited first |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Type S- Slow
Type FR- Fast Fatigue resistant
Type FF- Fast, Fatigable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fast, fatigue resistant type |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Located in ear
Maintains general equillibrium and balance (head position
Sensitive to changes in linear and angular acceleration (stimulated by head movement)
eye movement during exercise |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
many metabolic functions
cardiorespiratory control
Complex reflexes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cerebral cortex and motor cortex
storage center |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Organ. of complex movement
Storage of learned experiences
Reception of sensory movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Motor control and voluntary movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Coordination of quick movements and posture
Feedback from proprioceptors |
|
|
Term
| What does the Cerebellum connect to? |
|
Definition
Motor cortex
Brainstem
Spinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
depletion of excitatory neurotransmitters in motor cortex
reduced motor output to muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brain controls fatigue levels to prevent disruption to homeostasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Withdrawal reflex
spinal tuning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| voluntary movement translated into correct muscle action |
|
|
Term
| What controls motor function (3) |
|
Definition
Subcortical and cortical motivation areas
Cerebellum and basal ganglia
Motor cortex through thalamus |
|
|
Term
| Subcortical and cortical motivation areas |
|
Definition
| send a rough draft into movement plan |
|
|
Term
| Cerebellum and basal ganglia |
|
Definition
covert rough draft into movement plan
cerebellum: fast movements
Basal ganglia: Slow, deliberate movements |
|
|
Term
| Motor cortex through thalmus |
|
Definition
sends message down spinal neurons for spinal tuning to muscles
fine tuning from muscle receptors and proprioceptors |
|
|
Term
| ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) |
|
Definition
Responsible for maintaining body's internal environment
2 divisions (sympathetic, parasympathetic) |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic nervous system |
|
Definition
Norepinephrine
Excites an organ |
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic nervous system |
|
Definition
Acetylcholine
Inhibits an organ |
|
|
