Term
| What are three major benefits to a healthy lifestyle? |
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Definition
| You live longer, delay the risk of disability, and disability is compressed into fewer years. |
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Term
| What is sedentary Death Syndrome? |
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Definition
| Inactivity alone results in a constellation of problems and conditions that eventually lead to premature death. |
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Term
| What are the sedentary death syndrome related conditions? (11) |
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Definition
| High triglycerides, high blood cholesterol, high blood glucose, type 2 diabetes, HTN, MI, obesity, chronic back pain, stroke, falls resulting in hip fractures, vertebra/femoral fractures. |
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Term
| Define Physical Activity. |
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Definition
| Body movement produced by muscle action that increases energy expenditure. |
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Term
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Definition
| planned, structured, repetetive and purposeful physical activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| attributes related to how well one performs physical activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| physical, mental and social well-being, not just the absence of disease. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the components of health-related physical fitness? (4) |
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Definition
| Cardiovascular fitness, flexibility of the lower back, hamstrings and shoulder/wrist, abdominal strength and endurance, body composition. |
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Term
| What are the goals of "Healthy People 2010"? |
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Definition
| Increase quality and quantity of life, and eliminate health disparities. |
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Term
| Does strength loss begin later in women or men? |
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Definition
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Term
| Between what ages is strength the greatest? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which declines faster; power or strength? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which declines sooner and faster; eccentric or concentric strength? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which deteriorates faster; arm or leg strength? |
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Definition
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Term
| Strength loss in the elderly is directly related to what two things? |
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Definition
| limited mobility and fitness status. |
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Term
| What leads to decreased strength with age? |
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Definition
| Atrophy, hypoplasia, increased connective tissue and fat, decreased GH and IGF-I |
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Term
| What leads to decreased power with age? |
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Definition
| Decrfeased muscle mass, incomplete motor-unit activation. |
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Term
| What leads to decreased endurance with age? |
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Definition
| Decreased capillaries/fiber, decreased mitochondrial enzymes, atrophy. |
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Term
| Describe fiber type grouping that occurs with increasing age. |
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Definition
| Type one groups together, and type two groups together. This is not typical. We are unsure of the implications of this. |
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Term
| How much faster is VO2 decline in sedentary as compared to active people, with age? |
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Definition
| sedentary VO2 decreases 2xs faster than active individuals' VO2. |
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Term
| What are the five factors that contribute to decline in VO2max? |
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Definition
| Inactivity, Heredity, Increase in body mass, Decrease in muscle mass, Decreased oxygen delivery. |
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Term
| How is CO affected by age? |
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Definition
| HRmax is decreased with increasing age as a result of decreased beta adrenergic stimulation. Stroke volume also decreases due to contractile function. |
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Term
| How can an active, healthy elderly individual compensate for the decrease in their HR max? |
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Definition
| Increase their stroke volume with exercise. |
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Term
| How is elderly blood flow different in comparison to young people? |
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Definition
| They have 20-30% less leg blood flow and vascular conductance at a similar submax VO2 in the elderly. But they hav eincreased O2 extraction. |
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Term
| What are the structural changes in the lung with age? (4) |
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Definition
| Decreased elastic recoil, increased RV, decreased alveolar surface area, decreased respiratory muscle strength. |
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Term
| What are the functional lung changes that occur with age? |
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Definition
| Decreased minute ventilation, decreased expiratory flow rate, decreased fev1, decreased MVV, decreased VC, decreased minute ventilation/VO2 |
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Term
| What happens to reaction times and movement times with age? How can this be combatted? |
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Definition
| Reaction and movement times decrease with age. However, staying active can greatly reduce the impact of this. |
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Term
| Many age-related changes in muscle, body composition, bonemass and atherosclerosis are related to what? |
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Definition
| Endocrine (hormone) changes in the pituitary, pancreas, adrenal and thyroid glands. |
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Term
| What is thyroid dysfunction? |
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Definition
| Metabolic function including glucose metabolism and protein synthesis. |
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Term
| What does the pituitary release less of with age? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| how does body mass change with age? |
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Definition
| It increases until 5th or 6th decade, then decreases. |
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Term
| What happens to fat mass with increasing age? |
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Definition
| It increases, with increased abdominal girth. |
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Term
| What happens to fat free mass with increasing age? |
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Definition
| It decreases, even in the active. But it can be attenuated with activity. |
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Term
| What two things affect bone mass? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to bone mass in people over 60? |
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Definition
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Term
| Training can induce what four improvements in the elderly? |
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Definition
| HRrest, Qmax, SVmax, (a-v)O2 |
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Term
| What is atypical about muscle fiber hypertrophy with resistance training in the elderly? |
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Definition
| Both type 1 and type 2 hypertrophy w/ resistance training in the elderly. In the young individual, only type 2 would hypertrophy. this speaks to the lack of movement in the sedentary elderly. |
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Term
| What was the important finding in a study of structured vs unstructured activity in the elderly? |
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Definition
| That improvements could be seen doing lifestyle exercises that could be incorporated easily into a daily routine, without having to go to the gym. Activity can be related to every day activities to increase compliance and ease. |
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