Term
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Definition
| The difference between the O2 actually used and the total O2 that would have been used if state state metabolism had been achieved immediately after start of exercise. |
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Term
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Definition
| The point in exercise where you use O2 for energy production, which is more dependable for long-term use. |
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Term
| What are you using for energy before you hit steady state? |
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Definition
| Anaerobic energy systems. |
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Term
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Definition
| The rate of O2 uptake (L/min). NOT O2 consumption!! We have no idea how much O2 the body is actually consuming. only how much it's pulling in! |
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Term
| VOCAB: Respiratory Quotient, AKA Respiratory Exchange Ratio |
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Definition
| CO2 produced = O2 the body takes up. This can ONLY be calculated if the subject is in steady state of activity! |
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Term
| What factors affect the rate of energy production? |
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Definition
| Increased ADP, and increased ATP |
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Term
| How does increased ADP affect the rate of energy production? By what mechanism? |
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Definition
| Increased ADP stimulates rate-limiting enzyomes to increase energy production. |
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Term
| How does increased ATP affect the rate of energy production? By what mechanism? |
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Definition
| Increased ATP inhibits rate-limiting enzymes which decreases energy production. |
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Term
| How does training impact O2 deficit? Is this beneficial? Why or why not? |
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Definition
| Training decreases O2 deficit, which is beneficial because it promotes conservation of carbohydrates by decreasing the time needed to get to the aerobic phase of exercise. It increases flow to muscles, increases aerobic enzymes, and increases cardiac output. |
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Term
| VOCAB: Excess Post-exercise O2 Consumption |
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Definition
| Oxygen debt that occurs after the conclusion of exercise, during the recover phase. |
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Term
| Why do we experience EPOC? (6major reasons) |
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Definition
| 1. Because we need to re-synthesize phosphocreatine. 2. Need to restore blood O2. 3. HR and RR continue to be elevated, and those muscles work above baseline level so they require increased O2. 4. Muscle use --> incr. heat, which --> BMR --> incr. enzyme speeds --> incr O2 use. 5. Hormones (epinephrine, etc) released during exercise also increase BMR, which Incr. O2 Consumption. 6. May have increased lacate which requires O2 to be transported. |
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Term
| What factors influence fuel selection? |
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Definition
| 1. Diet - you can force use of one fuel over another through food intake. 2. Intensity of exercise. 3. Duration of exercise. |
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Term
| What are the crossover points for the different energy systems? (times at which one system takes over for another) |
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Definition
1-5sec of exercise = phosphagen (anaerobic)
>5sec of exercise = phosphagen and glycolytic. (also anaerobic) >45sec = phosphagenic+glycolytic+oxidative (mostly aerobic) |
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Term
| What happens to EPOC if activity level is increased? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is glycogen stored? |
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Definition
| In the muscles and liver. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process in the liver which produces glucose. |
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Term
| What fuel source do we preferentially use of high intensity/short duration activities? |
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Definition
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Term
| What fuel source do we preferentially use for low intensity/long duration activities? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do we use for energy in the inital phase of activity? |
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Definition
| phosphagen system and carbs |
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Term
| As you increase activity, what happens to muscle use of glucose? |
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Definition
| As you incr activity, the muscles use more glucose. |
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Term
| Which of the following does the body use most during mild intensity exercise? Plasma FFAs, muscle glycogen, plasma glucose or muscle triglyceride? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following does the body use most during moderate intensity exercise? FFAs, muscle glycogen, plasma glucose or muscle triglyceride? |
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Definition
| It uses them all fairly equally. |
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Term
| Which of the following does the body use most during high intensity exercise? FFAs, muscle glycogen, plasma glucose or muscle triglyceride? |
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Definition
| muscle glycogen. Not much fat is used. |
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Term
| With increased intensity, what fuel source do you use more of? |
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Definition
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Term
| With increased duration what fuel source do you use most? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The point in exercise intensity where you start to use more cabs than lipids. (approx 40% VO2 max) |
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Term
| At 65-75% of VO2max, there is an ideal split of carbs and lipids. If you continue to exercise at that level for a longer duration, and you have adequate supply of all substrates, what is the relationship between carb and lipid use, and how does this compa |
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Definition
| As long as the intensity is kept the same, the proportion of carb to lipid use will be maintained for the duration of the activity. Muscle stores will be used less as the duration of the activity continues. Carb and lipid use will increase proportionally as intramuscular store use decreases. |
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Term
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Definition
| When exercise proceeds past the point that comprimises liver and muscle glycogen supply, despite sufficient O2 |
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Term
| If you eat a meal filled mostly with carbs, will you have more or less endurance than if you had eating a meal filled mostly with protein? |
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Definition
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Term
| What measurement tells us if we're using primarily carbs or lipids for energy? |
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Definition
| RER - Respiratory Exchange Ratio. VCO2/VO2 |
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Term
| If you're using purely carbs as an energy source, the RER will = ? |
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Definition
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Term
| If you're using purely fat as an energy source, your RER will =? |
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Definition
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Term
| In order to measure RER, the subject must meet certain criteria. What are those criteria? (3) |
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Definition
| Must be in steady state, must not increase intensity, and they must be over the O2 deficit level. |
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Term
| What type of relationship do work load and VO2 have? |
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Definition
| linear. As Work load increases, VO2 increases linearly. |
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Term
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Definition
| Plateau in O2 uptake even when there's increasing workload. IF YOU DON'T SEE A PLATEAU IN THE GRAPH, YOU CAN'T SAY YOU GOT TO VO2 MAX! (I guarantee she'll try to trip us up with that one.) |
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Term
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Definition
| The highest point on a VO2 over workload graph, if you don't see a plateau. |
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Term
| What determines VO2 Max? (4) |
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Definition
| gender, age, heredity, a little bit by fitness. |
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Term
| Can you change your VO2 max? |
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Definition
| not for the most part. It's pretty much pre-determined. |
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Term
| VOCAB: MET (metabolic equivalent) |
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Definition
| Rate of energy expenditure at rest. |
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Term
| A Calorie is a measure of what? |
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Definition
| heat. Amt of energy required to raise 1g of H20 by 1 degree C. |
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Term
| VOCAB: Direct Calorimetry |
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Definition
| subersion of an individual in H2O to measure the temperature change. |
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Term
| Indirect calorimetery, equation |
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Definition
Food + O2 intake --> Heat + CO2 + H2O
Amt of O2 consumed is directly related to heat. |
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